Simple Preparation of Hierarchically Porous Ce/TiO2/Graphitic Carbon Microspheres for the Reduction of CO2 with H2O under Simulated Solar Irradiation
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Hierarchically porous Ce/TiO2/graphitic carbon microsphere composites (xCe/TiO2/GCM, where x = 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 mmol·L-1) were prepared for the first time by using a simple colloidal crystal template and characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of CO2 reduction by H2O under simulated solar irradiation was studied. The results showed that the Ce/TiO2/GCM composite material was characterized by large porosity, high concentration of metal compounds and graphitized carbon matrix, and the content of acetone solvent having a great impact on its form. In terms of the photocatalytic CO2 reaction, the CH4 and CO productions were 4.587 and 357.851 μmol·g-1, respectively. The 2Ce/TiO2/GCM photocatalyst gave the highest production rate for three products. Under simulated solar irradiation, the Ce/TiO2/GCM has excellent photocatalytic activity in the photoreduction of CO2 from H2O, which was related to the special composition and the Ce/TiO2/GCM structure.Keywords:
Carbon fibers
Methyl orange
Zinc nitrate
p–n junction
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This study prepared TiO2 film photocatalyst based on Ti plate using sol-gel method. XRD result demonstrated that the prepared photocatalyst mainly consisted of anatase crystals about 35.7nm on the average. SEM characterization result showed that the surface of the photocatalyst was very even and compact. And TiO2connected with the Ti plate closely and firmly. The photoelectrochemistry characteristic of the photocatalyst tested with electrochemistry method indicated that the prepared photocatalyst was n-type semiconductor and the extra electric field would promote the separation of photogenerated electron and hole in favor of the increase of the photocatalysis efficiency. The degradation experiments of benzamide by photocatalysis and electrically assisted photocatalysis (EAP) demonstrated that the extra electric field had the obvious assistant effect on photocatalysis and the benzamide degradation rate by EAP was much higher than that by photocatalysis. When the electrode potential of photocatalyst was -0.05V/SCE,the removal efficiency of benzamide could be 95% in 120min.
Benzamide
Degradation
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In terms of the UV irradiating directions, photocatalysis with TiO2 thin films can be divided into two types, the background irradiated photocatalysis and the foreground irradiated one. Comparatively, background irradiated photocatalysis has an advantage of avoiding the UV light attenuation which foreground irradiated one suffers when the light is going through the solution. In this article, the influence of the thickness of the films, the wavelength of light source and non-uninformly doping with V on the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst in case of background irradiated photocatalysis is investigated, and simultaneously it is compared with foreground irradiated one. The results show that in case of background irradiated photocatalysis there is an optimal thickness of the film according to the wavelength of the light source that is limited in the range of 300 nm to 388 nm, which is quite different from foreground irradiated one. But in both cases, the catalyst's photocatalytic activities are improved by non-uniformly doped with V.
Visible spectrum
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Redistribution
Settling
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Fe3+ and Al 3+ co-doped TiO2(Fe3+/Al3+-TiO2)composite photocatalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method using Ti(OC4H9)4 as precursor and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and UV-Vis.The effect of calcination temperature and salts in photocatalytic system on the photocatalytic activity of Fe3+/Al3+-TiO2 were investigated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange irradiated by sunlight.The photocatalytic activity of Fe3+/Al3+-TiO2 was enhanced with increasing temperature.HCO3-and NO2-decreased its photocatalytic activity.
Methyl orange
Degradation
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Photocatalysis has been widely applied in various areas, such as solar cells, water splitting, and pollutant degradation. Therefore, the photochemical mechanisms and basic principles of photocatalysis, especially TiO2 photocatalysis, have been extensively investigated by various surface science methods in the last decade, aiming to provide important information for TiO2 photocatalysis under real environmental conditions. Recent progress that provides fundamental insights into TiO2 photocatalysis at a molecular level is highlighted. Insights into the structures of TiO2 and the basic principles of TiO2 photocatalysis are discussed first, which provides the basic concepts of TiO2 photocatalysis. Following this, details of the photochemistry of three important molecules (oxygen, water, methanol) on the model TiO2 surfaces are presented, in an attempt to unravel the relationship between charge/energy transfer and bond breaking/forming in TiO2 photocatalysis. Lastly, challenges and opportunities of the mechanistic studies of TiO2 photocatalysis at the molecular level are discussed briefly, as well as possible photocatalysis models.
Photocatalytic water splitting
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Underlayer exposed ZnO:Al-TiO2 coupled films are prepared by different means.Surface morphology by SEM,microstructure by XRD,film thickness by surface profiler and photocatalysis are investigated.In order to explain the enhanced photocatalysis,reaction Ag++→Ag↓ is adopted to clarify the mechanism.It turns out that during the process of photocatalysis the exposed part of the underlayer releases e-and this suppresses recombination of light-induced charges,thus enhanced photocatalysis.
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