To make qualitative and quantitative analysis of Archaea in subgingival plaque sample and to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and Archaea.Subgingival plaque was collected from 23 patients with aggressive periodontitis, 29 with chronic periodontitis, 35 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 38 healthy controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of methanogenic archaea was performed by amplification of the 16S rRNA genes in the DNA extracted from the plaque samples.Archaea were found in 65% of aggressive periodontitis patients, 72% of chronic periodontitis, 26% of gingivitis and zero of healthy subjects. Quantitative analysis showed the average abundance of archaeal 16S rRNA gene in Archaea-positive patients was different among the three groups. The average 16S rRNA gene copy number from per microg wet plaque was 6.66 x 10(6) in aggressive periodontitis sufferers, 4.47 x 10(6) in chronic periodontitis and 1.78 x 10(6) in gingivitis groups. The prevalence of Archaea and the average Archaea 16S rRNA gene numbers in periodontitis groups were higher than those in gingivitis group (P < 0.05).This suggests that Archaea may be implicated as causative agents for periodontitis.
ObjectivesZirconia is an important dental implant material, yet it surfaces milling method is still under investigation. To explore the feasibility of laser etching in processing fine micro grooves on the surface of zirconia and to observe fine micro groove structure’ influence on mouse embryonic osteoblasts, the survey was conducted.Methods27 zirconia plates were made and polished to mirror surface. Then, they were divided into 3 groups: the mirror group, the femtosecond laser ablated microgroove group and the acid etching and sand blast group. Then, the surface properties of zirconia disks were analyzed by SEM/ EDS, XRD, AFM, water contact angle test and Microhardness test. The biocompatibility of each machined zirconia was tested by cell proliferation test and SEM analyze of cell morph. Then, the effect of these surface treatment to MC-3T3-E1 was evaluated by Q-PCR test.ResultsSEM image showed that the femtosecond laser is a reliable method for forming regular-arranged microgrooves. EDS and XRD indicated that there were stable and purified tetragonal crystal system on the laser-roughened surface. AFM suggested that laser machining generated rougher surface (Ra) (271.7±67.2 nm) than other groups. Furthermore, the contact angle showed laser ablated groove depicted anisotropic wetting. The micro-hardness test ascertained that laser-ablation strengthened zirconia surface. In vitro experiment showed that MC-3T3-E1 growing along the long axis of microgrooves on the first day. Besides, Real time PCR implied that osteogenesis-related gene expression OPN and ALP is much higher than the rest groups.SignificanceFemtosecond laser is able to machine zirconia with ultra-fine microgrooves (<10 μm). These structures promoted MC-3T3-E1 cell to line along the pitch and differentiate into osteogenic cells. Thus, femtosecond laser might be a potential processing options for zirconia micro-texturing.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.PDT has become a potential treatment of infectious diseases with the development of laser medicine. However, there are very limited data from clinical trials to evaluate the effect of PDT in the treatment of periodontitis.Fifty-eight patients with chronic periodontitis were included and divided into three groups. They were treated with SRP alone, SRP followed by one PDT, or SRP followed by two PDT treatments. PDT was performed at sites with a probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm by using Periowave(TM) therapy. Periodontal values of bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinic attachment loss (CAL) were examined at baseline, 6 wk after treatment, and 12 wk after treatment.Compared with the baseline, sites with baseline PD ≥5 mm in all three groups showed significant reductions of PD, CAL, and BOP at 6 and 12 wk after treatment. Although there were no differences between the three groups for PD and CAL in all three examinations, the presence of BOP sites at 12 wk, but not 6 wk, after SRP treatment significantly decreased in groups with PDT in comparison with SRP alone.PDT may serve as an adjunctive therapy to SRP treatment in periodontal pockets with PD ≥5 mm to reduce the presence of bleeding in these lesions.
Abstract Aim To investigate, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), the presence and association of bacteria and archaea in primary and secondary root canal infections. Methodology A total of 77 root canal samples from 77 Chinese patients, 42 with necrotic pulp tissues (primary infection) and 35 with failed prior conventional root canal treatment (secondary infection), aseptically exposed at the first patient visit, were studied. Total RNA was isolated directly from each sample, and 16S rRNA gene‐based RT‐PCR assays were used to determine the presence of bacteria and archaea, respectively. Results Bacteria were detected in 39/42 (93%) of root canal samples from teeth with primary infections, and archaea in 16/42 (38%). In the cases diagnosed as secondary root‐infected canals, bacteria were detected in 30/35 (86%), whilst archaea were detected in 6/35 (17%) of cases. Amongst the canals, which were positive for bacteria, archaea were always found in combination with bacteria. The incidence of symptomatic cases positive for both bacteria and archaea (16/22, 73%) were significantly higher than those positive for bacteria alone (21/47, 45%) ( P < 0.05). Conclusions This study confirms the presence of archaea in root canal infections and further implicates them in an association with clinical symptoms. The nature of this association requires further study.
To evaluate the effect of periodontal initial therapy on clinical parameters and subgingival periodontal pathogen in patients with chronic periodontitis.One hundred and twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were included. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) were evaluated at baseline and after-initial therapy. P.g and A.a in subgingival plaque were investigated by real-time PCR. Data was statistically analyzed by SAS6.12 software for Student's t test.The PD, AL, PLI and GI were significantly decreased after periodontal initial therapy (P<0.01), and meanwhile the ratio of P.g versus total bacteria was significantly decreased after-initial therapy (P<0.05). However, the change of ratio of A.a versus total bacteria was not significant (P>0.05).Periodontal initial therapy could effectively control the inflammation of chronic periodontitis, and decrease the ratio of P.g in subgingival plaque.
Curcumin has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects. However, the potential molecular mechanism of curcumin is still not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of curcumin in regulating autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the rat.Rats model of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis was induced by isoprenaline (5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneous injection), which were treated with or without curcumin (200 mg/kg/day, intragastric administration). Masson's trichrome staining was performed to investigate the effect of curcumin on fibrosis of cardiac hypertrophy rat. The expression of hypertrophic and fibrosis markers was determined by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of autophagic markers, mTOR, and phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR) was performed by Western blotting.Isoprenaline treatment significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of hypertrophic (ANP and MYH7) and fibrotic (procollagen I and III) markers in the hearts from rats. All of these markers were reversed by curcumin treatment in isoproterenol-treated rats. Histological analysis showed that curcumin attenuated the interstitial fibrosis of heart triggered by isoproterenol. Moreover, isoproterenol significantly reduced the mRNA levels of mTOR and the protein expression of p-mTOR. However, isoprenaline caused a significant induction of the mRNA levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 and the protein expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1, as well as LC3-II/I ratio. Curcumin abolished these isoprenaline-mediated changes in mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway.Our data demonstrated that curcumin targeted mTOR/autophagy axis could attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in a rat model.
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