Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a serious public health concern, negatively affecting individuals' quality of life and making a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease. Anhedonia is a core symptom of MDD and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Variability in anhedonia components within MDD has been observed, suggesting heterogeneity in psychopathology across subgroups. However, little is known about anhedonia subgroups in MDD and their underlying neural correlates across subgroups. To address this question, we employed a hierarchical cluster analysis based on Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale subscales in 60 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and 32 healthy controls. Then we conducted a connectome-wide association study and whole-brain voxel-wise functional analyses for identified subgroups. There were three main findings: (1) three subgroups with different anhedonia profiles were identified using a data mining approach; (2) several parts of the reward network (especially pallidum and dorsal striatum) were associated with anticipatory and consummatory pleasure; (3) different patterns of within- and between-network connectivity contributed to the disparities of anhedonia profiles across three MDD subgroups. Here, we show that anhedonia in MDD is not uniform and can be categorized into distinct subgroups, and our research contributes to the understanding of neural underpinnings, offering potential treatment directions. This work emphasizes the need for tailored approaches in the complex landscape of MDD. The identification of homogeneous, stable, and neurobiologically valid MDD subtypes could significantly enhance our comprehension and management of this multifaceted condition.
Objective To explore the detection methods for cognitive dysfunction of the major depression in Elderly and analyze their clinical significance.Methods Using matched-pairs study,42 patients with seniie de- pressive disorders(experimental group)and 42 normal aged people(control group)were examined with auditory e- voked potential P300(event related potential,ERP-P300)and SECF,respectively.Results It was found that the scores with registration,span,recall,classification and total score of the subjects in the experimental group were sig- nificantly lower than those in the control group(P0.05 or 0.01);the P3 lateney and reaction time as revealed with P300 examination were significantly lengthened(P0.05 or 0.01),and the amplitude of P300 was significantly lower(P0.05).It was also found that the prolongation of P3 latency and the reduction of the SECF total score were negatively related to the period of onset(r=-0.607 ,P0.01).Taking 2 standard deviations of lengthening of P3 latency as standard,the abnormal rate of P300 was 86.67% which was basically consistent with the diagnosis of the SECF.Conclusion Cognitive dysfunctions of senile depressive patients were mainly attention and memory dis- orders,the SECF detections were more sensitive and suitable for clinical screening,and the P300 was very consistent with the SECF and a reliable laboratorv detection method.
Abstract Despite a growing neuroimaging literature on the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), reproducible findings are lacking, probably reflecting mostly small sample sizes and heterogeneity in analytic approaches. To address these issues, the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium (DIRECT) was launched. The REST-meta-MDD project, pooling 2428 functional brain images processed with a standardized pipeline across all participating sites, has been the first effort from DIRECT. In this review, we present an overview of the motivations, rationale, and principal findings of the studies so far from the REST-meta-MDD project. Findings from the first round of analyses of the pooled repository have included alterations in functional connectivity within the default mode network, in whole-brain topological properties, in dynamic features, and in functional lateralization. These well-powered exploratory observations have also provided the basis for future longitudinal hypothesis-driven research. Following these fruitful explorations, DIRECT has proceeded to its second stage of data sharing that seeks to examine ethnicity in brain alterations in MDD by extending the exclusive Chinese original sample to other ethnic groups through international collaborations. A state-of-the-art, surface-based preprocessing pipeline has also been introduced to improve sensitivity. Functional images from patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia will be included to identify shared and unique abnormalities across diagnosis boundaries. In addition, large-scale longitudinal studies targeting brain network alterations following antidepressant treatment, aggregation of diffusion tensor images, and the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided neuromodulation approaches are underway. Through these endeavours, we hope to accelerate the translation of functional neuroimaging findings to clinical use, such as evaluating longitudinal effects of antidepressant medications and developing individualized neuromodulation targets, while building an open repository for the scientific community.
Background: This study aimed to create a predictive model for the depressive symptoms of first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder(MDD). Its design was also intended to reveal MDD's underlying neuropathological mechanisms and explore the intrinsic functional patterns of its two distinct subtypes.Methods: The connectome-based predictive modeling(CPM) approach was employed to construct predictive models for the depressive symptoms of MDD. Node-based functional connectivity(FC) analysis was utilized to compare differences in FC patterns among three groups: melancholic subtype, non-melancholic subtype, and healthy controls. The k-nearest neighbors(KNN) algorithm was employed to classify subtypes of MDD.Findings: The CPM analysis showed that the positive edge network could successfully predict the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of MDD patients(r = 0.216, p = 0.030, 5000 iterations). Compared to non-melancholic patients, melancholic patients showed increased FC values in PrG_L_6_5(the left precentral gyrus) -Tha_L_8_7(the left thalamus)(p = 0.026) and BG_R_6_1 (the right basal ganglia) - PCun_R_4_2(the right precuneus)(p = 0.022). The KNN method classified melancholic patients and non-melancholic patients with k=9, achieving an accuracy of 0.78. Abnormal FC in MDD patients was found to be correlated with clinical variables.Interpretation: This study utilized CPM to construct a positive network predictive model for the depressive symptoms of MDD, enabling us to gain further insights into the neuropathological mechanisms of the disease. We identified different FC patterns between melancholic depression and non-melancholic depression, indicating potential distinctions in the neuropathological underpinnings of these two MDD subtypes.Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171508).Declaration of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.Ethical Approval: The study obtained informed consent from all participants and acquired approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital, China.
Dietary oxidized fat contains harmful materials such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA). Excessive oxidized fat intake during pregnancy and lactation not only leads to maternal body injury but also damages offspring health. Our previous study demonstrated that vitamin D (VD) had antioxidative capability in sows. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal VD and inulin supplementation in oxidized oil diet on the growth performance and oxidative stress of their offspring. Sixty 5-month-old C57BL/6N female mice were randomly divided into five groups: Control group (basal diet, n = 12), OF group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet, n = 12), OFV group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet + 7000 IU/kg VD, n = 12), OFI group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet + 5% inulin, n = 12) and OFVI group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet + 7000 IU/kg VD + 5% inulin, n = 12). Mice were fed with the respective diet during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were then slaughtered on day 21 of age at weaning. Results showed that a maternal oxidized oil diet impaired body weight and liver weight gain of offspring during lactation compared to the control group, while maternal VD, inulin or VD and inulin mixture supplementation reversed this effect. In addition, the activity of T-AOC in the liver of offspring was lower in the OF group than that in the control group, but could be restored by maternal VD and inulin mixture supplementation. Furthermore, the gene expression of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as Il-6, Tnfα and Il-10, in offspring liver were downregulated by a maternal oxidized oil diet compared with the control group, but they were restored by maternal VD or VD and inulin mixture supplementation. The expressions of Vdr and Cyp27a1 were decreased by a maternal oxidized oil diet compared with the control group, while they could be increased by VD or VD and inulin mixture supplementation. Conclusion: maternal oxidized oil diet intake could impair the growth performance by inducing oxidative stress, but this can be relieved by maternal VD and inulin supplementation.
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, but its neural pathophysiology remains unclear. Functional brain network studies in MDD have largely had limited statistical power and data analysis approaches have varied widely. The REST-meta-MDD Project of resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) addresses these issues.
Objective: To explore the effect of Chlorpromazine, Clozapine and Risperidone on the quality of life in Schizophrenic patients. Methods: 93 Schizophrenic patients who had recovered or significantly improved with the treatment of Chlorpromazine, Clozapine and Resperidone were evaluated with the Life Satisfaction Rating Scales(LSR) and SDSS.Results:The patients in Risperidone group showed the highest total score and item scores in the LSR and the best social functions compared with the other two groups evaluated with the SDSS( P 0.05).Muti-variables analysis showed that the score of Life Satisfaction Rating Scale associated negatively with the score of side effects by drugs.Conclusion: Risperidone had the best effect on patient's quality of life.
Despite common dissatisfaction with the syndromic heterogeneity of major depression, investigations into its symptom structure are scarce. Self-worthlessness/inadequacy is a distinctive and consistent symptom of major depression across cultures.We investigated whether self-worthlessness is associated with self-blaming attribution-related symptoms or is instead an expression of reduced positive feelings overall, as would be implied by reduced positive affect accounts of depression.44,161 undergraduate students in Study 1, and 215 patients with current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 237 age-matched healthy control participants in Study 2 completed the well-validated Symptom Check List-90. Depression-relevant items were used to construct regularized partial correlation networks with bootstrap estimates of network parameter variability.Worthlessness co-occurred more strongly with other symptoms linked to self-blaming attributions (hopelessness, and self-blame), displaying a combined edge weight with these symptoms which was significantly stronger than the edge weight representing its connection with reduced positive emotion symptoms (such as reduced pleasure/interest/motivation, difference in edge weight sum in Study 1 = 2.95, in Study 2 = 1.64; 95% confidence intervals: Study 1: 2.6-3.4; Study 2: 0.02-3.5; Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.05).This confirms the prediction of the revised learned helplessness model that worthlessness is most strongly linked to hopelessness and self-blame. In contrast, we did not find a strong and direct link between anhedonia items and a reduction in self-worth in either study. This supports worthlessness as a primary symptom rather than resulting from reduced positive affect.
Objective: By means of measuring the level of serum cytokine(IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α), C-reactive protein and zinc in patients with depressive disorder,to explore the role of these indices in the pathophysiology in depression. Methods: 33 patients with depression according to the criteria of CCMD-3 and ICD-10,and there are 23 healthy controls in our study. Measure the level of serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α in patients with depression and healthy controls by enzymatic-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); serum CRP concentrations by scatter rate nephelometry; and the level of Zn by chemistry colorimetric method. And at pre-treatment, assess HAMD, analyze the correlation of severe degree,course,age of disease onset, gender, the total score of HAMD, the factor score and serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α, CRP, Zn. Results: ①It is significant higher in the level of serum IL-6[(8.90±5.63 )pg/ml], TNF-α[(13.57±7.63)pg/ml], CRP[(6.18±5.68)mg/L] in patients with depression than in controls(IL-6:5.95±3.66;TNF-α:12.87±5.34;CRP:2.50±1.44), and significantly lower in serum zinc level[(11.88±2.37)μmol/L] in depression patients than in controls(13.60±1.90); significantly lower in serum zinc level(11.19±2.21) in female patients with depression than in male depression(14.04±1.48).②There is significantly positive correlation in the level of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with depression (r =0.470, P0.01); the relation with serum IL-1β and Zn is also significantly positively correlated(r =0.346, P0.05). ③There is significantly positive correlation in the serum Zn level and psychomotor retardation score of HAMD in depression (r =0.351, P0.05), and gender(r =0.576, P0.01). Conclusion: ①The increases in the level of serum IL-6, TNF-α, CRP in patients with depression may be one of immunological markers of depression; ②The abnormality of cytokine IL-1β level and element Zn is closely related, which suggests they are possiblely related with the pathophysiology of depression.
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