Maternal Vitamin D and Inulin Supplementation in Oxidized Oil Diet Improves Growth Performance and Hepatic Innate Immunity in Offspring Mice
Guangrong XieQipeng ZhangZhengfeng FangLianqiang CheYan LinShengyu XuYong ZhuoLun HuaXuemei JiangJian LiMengmeng SunYuanfeng ZouChao HuangLixia LiDe WuBin Feng
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Dietary oxidized fat contains harmful materials such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA). Excessive oxidized fat intake during pregnancy and lactation not only leads to maternal body injury but also damages offspring health. Our previous study demonstrated that vitamin D (VD) had antioxidative capability in sows. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal VD and inulin supplementation in oxidized oil diet on the growth performance and oxidative stress of their offspring. Sixty 5-month-old C57BL/6N female mice were randomly divided into five groups: Control group (basal diet, n = 12), OF group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet, n = 12), OFV group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet + 7000 IU/kg VD, n = 12), OFI group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet + 5% inulin, n = 12) and OFVI group (oxidized-soybean-oil-replaced diet + 7000 IU/kg VD + 5% inulin, n = 12). Mice were fed with the respective diet during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were then slaughtered on day 21 of age at weaning. Results showed that a maternal oxidized oil diet impaired body weight and liver weight gain of offspring during lactation compared to the control group, while maternal VD, inulin or VD and inulin mixture supplementation reversed this effect. In addition, the activity of T-AOC in the liver of offspring was lower in the OF group than that in the control group, but could be restored by maternal VD and inulin mixture supplementation. Furthermore, the gene expression of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as Il-6, Tnfα and Il-10, in offspring liver were downregulated by a maternal oxidized oil diet compared with the control group, but they were restored by maternal VD or VD and inulin mixture supplementation. The expressions of Vdr and Cyp27a1 were decreased by a maternal oxidized oil diet compared with the control group, while they could be increased by VD or VD and inulin mixture supplementation. Conclusion: maternal oxidized oil diet intake could impair the growth performance by inducing oxidative stress, but this can be relieved by maternal VD and inulin supplementation.Keywords:
Malondialdehyde
Soybean oil
Proinflammatory cytokine
The aim of this study was to establish and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of malondialdehyde in seminal plasma in smokers and non-smokers and to find possible differences between the two groups.Malondialdehyde is used as a diagnostic marker of lipid peroxidation and indicator of oxidative stress. Smoking is suspected to be responsible for an increase in its level. Malondialdehyde has been thought to have cytotoxic and damaging effects.Semen samples were obtained from male partners of couples requesting a fertility evaluation. Malondialdehyde was derivatized with 2-thiobarbituric acid. The malondialdehyde-2-thiobarbituric acid complex was determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The mobile phase consisted of 20% ethanol in 25-mmol/L potassium dihydrogenphosphate (v/v), pH 6.00 ± 0.05.Analytical performance was satisfactory. Malondialdehyde levels were as follows: 1.50 ± 0.55 µmol/L in all patients, 1.40 ± 0.57 µmol/L in smokers, and 1.50 ± 0.53 µmol/L in non-smokers.The method presented here is sensitive and accurate for seminal plasma malondialdehyde determination. Our results showed a relationship between sperm motility and the malondialdehyde level in all patients and non-smokers. Malondialdehyde may induce poor sperm functionality and negatively affect the fertilization processes (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 23).
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Inulin is a polysaccharide with linear fructan chain structure. Food industries widely use inulin as a low calorie sugar substitutions. Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber that are easily grown and contain higher inulin can be explored as local inulin sources. This research aimed to characterize the chemical properties of inulin isolated from yacón tuber. The methods of this study include proximate analysis of yacón tuber, inulin isolation, and characterization of purified inulin using FTIR. The results showed that yacón consisted of 91.23 water (analyzed as moisture), 0.12 proteins, 0.58 fats, 0.52 crude fibers, and 7.34% carbohydrates. The yield of inulin extracted from yacón tuber was 4.86% whereas its purity and actual content of inulin were 44.23 and 2.15%, respectively. The Osazon test revealed that the isolated inulin has similar crystalline with that from chicory. Based on characterization using the FTIR spectrophotometer, the isolated inulin had functional groups of C-O, C-H, CH2, O-H, and C=O. The spectrum of the isolated inulin has similarities with chicory inulin. Therefore, yacón tuber could be considered as a potential local inulin source in Indonesia.
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Thirty-nine hens, 3 weeks of age, were divided into 6 groups with different treatment as follows ; group A with corn oil injection, group B with corn oil injection and cholesterol feeding, group C with injection of a malondialdehyde solution, group D with injection of malondialdehyde solution and administration of elaszym, group E with injection of malondialdehyde solution and cholesterol feeding and group F with injection of malondialdehyde solution, cholesterol feeding and administration of elaszym. Corn oil and 50% malondialdehyde in corn oil were subcutaneously injected at respective doses of 0.5 and 1ml per kg body weight 12 times for 4 weeks. A diet containing 1% cholesterol without supplementary fat was fed adlibitum. Elaszym was orally administered daily at a dose of 1,500 EU per Kg body weight. A slight increase of plasma cholesterol was seen in group B. A small number of degenerate cells were seen in groups A and B. The plasma malondialdehyde levels were markedly increased in groups C and E. The result of malondialdehyde injection was a significant increase in the number of degenerate cells without stainable lipid in the abdominal aorta from group C. The feeding of a cholesterol-containing diet in combination with molon-dialdehyde injection produced numerous degenerate cells with or without stainable lipid in the abdominal aorta from group E. The administration of elaszym decreased the tissue level of malondialdehyde and the frequency of degenerate cells with or without stainable lipid in the abdominal aortas from groups D and F.
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Vampirolepis nana is the only human tapeworm in which the intermediate host is not necessary and transmission is from person to person. In this study the changes of serum malondialdehyde level, that is, the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients infected with V. nana, was investigated.Serum malondialdehyde concentration activity was measured in 32 patients who were positive for intestinal parasite of V. nana. Levels were obtained for the positively infected patients and their age and gender were matched to 32 healthy controls.The difference between malondialdehyde levels of patients infected with V. nana and the control group was statistically significant both for females (P < 0.05) and males (P < 0.05). In the patient and control groups, no correlation was found between age and malondialdehyde levels both in females and males. In addition, no significant correlation could be found between malondialdehyde levels of both females and males for the patient and control groups.Malondialdehyde levels were clearly increased in the patients infected with V. nana.
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Objective To determine factors associated with weaning-to-mating interval among sows on commercial farms that wean pigs early. Design Cohort study. Animals 11,861 farrowing sows. Procedure Production, farrowing, and feed intake records were reviewed for sows on 16 farms for which mean duration of lactation was between 14.9 and 18.9 days. Results Among sows with high feed intake during lactation (≥ 5.6 kg/d [12.3 lb/d]), lactation duration was not associated with weaning-to-mating interval, but among sows with low feed intake during lactation (< 5.6 kg/d), weaning-to-mating interval increased as lactation duration decreased. Furthermore, among sows with the lowest feed intake during lactation (< 4.2 kg/d [9.2 lb/d]), those that had heavier litter weights at weaning (> 54 kg [119 lb]) had a longer weaning-to-mating interval than did those that had lighter litter weights at weaning. Sows with low feed intake and high litter weight at weaning accounted for 5 to 20% of sows on each farm. In general, weaning-to-mating interval increased as parity decreased, but the change in weaning-to-mating interval associated with a particular change in lactation duration varied with parity. Clinical Implications When feed intake during lactation is maximized (≥ 5.6 kg/d), lactation duration is not significantly associated with weaning-to-mating interval. Producers should consider fostering or partially weaning litters when sows with high litter weights are not consuming sufficient feed. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:894–898)
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The objective of the present study was to examine the nature of equilibration of [ 3 H]-inulin and [ 14 C]inulin in the jejunal tissue in vitro. Rings of everted hamster jejunum were incubated at 37 °C in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution containing 10 mM glucose, tracer amounts of [ 14 C]inulin, and tracer amounts of [ 3 H]inulin from one of the two lots (lot X and lot Y) tested. The incubations were carried out for 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 min. One lot of [ 3 H]inulin (lot X) provided an estimate of the extracellular (EC) fluid volume which, at all periods of incubation, was comparable with that provided by the [ 14 C]inulin. In contrast, the estimate of EC fluid volume obtained from the other lot of [ 3 H]inulin (lot Y) was consistently higher than that obtained from the [ 14 C]inulin and increased linearly with the period of incubation. Because, with [ 3 H]inulin of lot Y, the calculated intracellular (IC) fluid volume decreased linearly with the period of incubation, and because this was not the case with the [ 14 C]inulin or with the [ 3 H]inulin of lot X, it would appear that [ 3 H]inulin of lot Y failed to equilibrate within the tissue water, while the other lot of [ 3 H]inulin (lot X), as well as [ 14 C]inulin, did. Although the EC fluid volume obtained from [ 14 C]inulin (as well as that from [ 3 H]inulin of lot X) increased progressively, the rate of increase during the first 30 min was considerably higher than that during the last 30 min of incubation. The progressive increase in the [ 14 C]inulin space, however, was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the total water content as well as in the calculated IC fluid content of the tissue. Since the IC fluid volume as percentage of total water content after 5 min of incubation was not significantly different from that after 60 min of incubation, it would appear that [ 14 C]inulin equilibrates within the EC fluid after 5 min, and that the progressive increase in the calculated EC fluid volume is the result of a corresponding increase in the EC fluid (containing [ 14 C]inulin) content of the tissue.
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Lead is widely found in our environment. Human are exposed to this metal from numerous sources, including contaminated air, water, soil and food. There are many studies that have shown that lead causes oxidative stress by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and reducing the anti-oxidant defense system. Lipid peroxidation increases because of impaired oxidant and anti-oxidant balance, measured by malondialdehyde levels. The current study investigates the effect of lead administration in various concentrations against lipid peroxidation. Twenty four male mice, 30-40 g body weight were divided into six groups. Group I served as control, group II to VI were given lead acetate at doses of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight respectively. After four weeks, plasma malondialdehyde levels and the number of erythrocytes were measured. An increase in plasma malondialdehyde levels observed in groups II to VI as compared with control, was not statistically significant (p=0,6). The increased plasma malondialdehyde levels in accordance to the increased concentration of lead administered, with the exception of group VI. The decrease in erythrocyte count observed in groups II to VI as compared with control, was not significant (p=0,1). Increased plasma malondialdehyde levels were negatively correlated with erythrocyte count (p=0,04). Lead interferes with physiological and biochemical functions related to oxidative stress. The trend to increased plasma malondialdehyde levels along with the decreased erythrocyte count as the dose of lead increased supports this statement.
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