Objective
To explore the serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)in first-episode schizophrenia patients characterized and the correlation of MIF, EGF serum levels with psychotic symptoms and cognitive function.
Methods
The serum levels of MIF and EGF in patients(53 cases) and controls(58 cases) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). The patients’ psychotic symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS). The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) was used to assess the cognitive function.
Results
MIF serum level in cases group was higher than that of control group and the difference was statistically significant((50.54±23.05)μg/L vs (36.72±18.52 )μg/L)(P<0.01). EGF serum level in cases group was higher than that of control group and the difference was statistically significant((5 163.40±2 289.76) vs (3 584.83±1 444.71)ng/L)(P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between serum MIF level and PANSS score in schizophrenic patients(P<0.05). Score of TMT in MCCB in cases group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01), while scores of BACS SC, HVLT-R, BVMT-R and CF in MCCB in cases group was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01 ). Serum level of MIF in cases group was significantly positively correlated with score of BVMT-R(P<0.05), and serum level of EGF in cases group was significantly positively correlated with score of BVMT-R(P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum MIF levels and serum EGF levels in the cases group (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum MIF and serum EGF levels in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion
The clinical symptoms and partial cognitive impairment in patients with first-episode schizophrenia are related to the concentration of serum protein factors, and there are neuroimmunological abnormalities and neurotrophic imbalances and they are related.
Key words:
Schizophrenia; Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Epidermal growth factor; Neuroimmunity; Neurotrophic; Cognitive function
Objective
Observe the influence of processing of banked red blood cells(RBCs) with cell saver compared with zero-balanced ultrafiltration(Z-BUF) on the inflammatory factor levels and lung function after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in infants.
Methods
60 infants with ventricular septal defect were randomly divided into control group(A), experimental group(B) and experimental group(C). Banked RBCs washed with cell saver before priming in B, in C the banked RBCs were treatment with Z-BUF and in A the banked RBCs primed directly without any treatment.The levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), interlecukin-6(IL-6), interlecukin-8(IL-8) and interlecukin-10(IL-10) in arterial blood were decected and comparative analyze the differences between and among three groups.The lung functional parameters, mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time at specific time points of three groups were measured and compared.
Results
The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 after CPB in B and C were significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05), between B and C, the levels of inflammatory factors in B were more lower(P<0.05). The functional parameters post-CPB of B and C were significantly improved compared with A(P<0.05) and the B and C's mechanical ventilation time, ICU monitoring time were more shorter(P<0.05). B and C in comparison, the former lung functiona improved more obviously(P<0.05).
Conclusion
Treatment of banked RBCs with cell saver and Z-BUF can reduce the inflammatory factor levels after CPB in infants and relieve systemic inflammatory response, improve lung function, short mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time, by comparison, the former is better than the latter.
Key words:
Red blood cells(RBCs); Cell saver; Zero-balanced ultrafiltration(Z-BUF); Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB); Inflammatory factors; Lung function
Objective To study how the mutation gene affects the thymus and skin of the C 57BL/6 hairless mice. Methods The procedure of shedding hair and histological structure on the thymus and skin of the C 57BL/6 hairless mice in 19 days were studied,and compared with C 57BL/6 mice of the same age. Results The C 57BL/6 hairless mice developed a normal coat up to the age of 12 days,but then lost all hair.At the age of 4 weeks the hairless-like mutant mice become essentially naked except for some vibrissae,and grew no new hair.With increased age,the mutant skin form folds and flaps and had rhinoceros-like appearance.The claws were noticeably elongated.Mutant mice had heavily pigmented skin,and had some small papules on the surface of skin.Histologically,There was keratotic cuticular layer in the epidermis.The hair follicle of C 57BL/6 hairless mice in 19 days lost shaft to distend to be lenient cavity, some follicles contained keratin fragments.The Remains of hair papilla became trapped deep in the dermis.Sebaceous glands were well developed.As for the morphology and structure of thymus in 19 days,there was no distinct difference between C 57BL/6 hairless mice and normal mice,but the thymus of hairless mice atrophy early than that of contrast mice. Conclusion The hairless mutant gene effects hair follicles cycle and thymus degeneration of the C 57BL/6 hairless mice.
In the Changqing Oilfield in northwest China, when traditional petroleum exploitation encounters forestry reserves or water source protection areas, sectorial well-factory design is proposed. The most distinct feature of a sectorial well-factory is the deviation of the well from the minimum horizontal principal stress, resulting in hydraulic fracture deflection after the initiation, along with possible well interference (i.e., fracture hit) and fracture coalescence in the oblique wells. Four indexes describing well deflection are then proposed according to fracture morphology. Several fracturing designs, including stage arrangement, fracturing sequences, and fracturing techniques are applied to study the feasibility of the sectorial well-factory design. The results show that the "gradual" or "sparse" stage arrangement, large injection rate, and simultaneous multifracture treatment can help to optimize the fracture morphology and stimulation design. However, the subsequent stress shadowing effect usually adversely affects the fracturing of adjacent wells. With a small initial horizontal stress difference, large injection rate and staggered stage arrangement can achieve ideal stimulation performance. Our results can provide a guidance for optimizing stimulation design in unconventional well-factory while taking into account environmental protection.
Tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A), especially its secreted form, has been shown to contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production, cardinal features of asthma, through its receptor, death receptor 3 (DR3). However, the role of the TL1A-DR3 axis in asthma, especially in terms of airway remodeling, has not yet been fully understood.The present study investigated the expression and secretion of TL1A in the lung and human bronchial epithelial cells. DR3 small interfering RNA (siRNA), TL1A siRNA, and truncated plasmids were used respectively to identify the function of the TL1A-DR3 axis in vitro. To further validate the roles of the TL1A-DR3 axis in asthma, we collected airway biopsies and sputa from asthmatic patients and constructed a mouse model following rTL1A administration, DR3 knockdown, and TL1A knockout, the asthma-related inflammatory response and the pathological changes in airways were analyzed using various experimental methods. Associated signaling pathways downstream of TL1A knockout in the mouse model were analyzed using RNA sequencing.TL1A, especially its non-secreted form (nsTL1A) was involved in the remodeling process in asthmatics' airways. Knockdown of TL1A or its receptor DR3 decreased the expression of fibrosis-associated protein in BEAS-2B cells. Reversely, overexpression of nsTL1A in airway epithelial cells facilitated the transforming growth factor-β-induced remodeling progress. In the asthma mouse model, activating the TL1A-DR3 axis contributes to airway inflammation, remodeling, and tissue destruction. Reciprocally, DR3 knockdown or TL1A knockout partly reverses airway remodeling in the asthma model induced by ovalbumin.Our results confirm differential TL1A expression (including its secreted and non-secreted form) in asthma, which modulates remodeling. The shared mechanism of action by which nsTL1A and secreted TL1A exert their effects on asthma development might be mediated via the nuclear factor-κB pathway. The TL1A-DR3 axis presents a promising therapeutic target in asthma.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which is out of balance in the context of DKD, acts through a range of metabolism-related cytokines and hormones. JAK/STAT is the primary signaling node in the progression of DKD. The latest research on JAK/STAT signaling helps determine the role of this pathway in the factors associated with DKD progression. These factors include the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis, immunity, inflammation, aging, autophagy, and EMT. This review epitomizes the progress in understanding the complicated explanation of the etiologies of DKD and the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the progression of DKD and discusses whether it can be a potential target for treating DKD. It further summarizes the JAK/STAT inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs that are promising for treating DKD and discusses how these inhibitors can alleviate DKD to explore possible potential drugs that will contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies for DKD in the near future.
BackgroundAlmost a year after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many hospitalized COVID-19 patients have recovered. However, little is known about the long-term follow-up (> 2 months) of discharged patients.MethodsThis study enrolled 527 discharged COVID-19 patients from 05 February to 11 March 2020. Basic characteristics, imaging features, nucleic acid detection results, and antibody levels of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOf the 527 discharged patients, 32 (6.1%) had re-detectable positive (RP) nucleic acid results for SARS-CoV-2 during follow-up examinations, with 11 and four detections entailing stool samples and anal swabs, respectively, rather than respiratory samples. Juveniles were more susceptible to "infection recurrence" than other age groups, with shorter time spans for re-detectable positive (RP) RNA tests (an average of 8.8 days [6.0–9.0 days]), while the reverse was true for the middle-aged group (17.5 days on average [14.0–17.5 days]). Similar improvements in the imaging features of both RP and no RP (NRP) groups were observed. Negative antibody detections in patients at 3 and 6 months after discharge were 14.2% and 25.0%, respectively. Cases evidencing negative antibodies were more common among juvenile patients (40% vs. 15.6%, P = 0.03) 6 months post-discharge.ConclusionsA total of 6.1% of 527 discharged patients showed RP status, which may be easier to be identified from stool samples than from other samples. Given the dropping rate of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, reinfection may happen, especially in juvenile patients (aged < 18 years). These findings have implications for the long-term management of recovered COVID-19 patients.
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