Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is an optional consensus protocol for consortium blockchains scenarios where strong consistency is required. However, it also inevitably incurs high energy consumption, low efficiency and poor scalability. What is more, the reliability of the consensus node cannot be guaranteed by itself. For addressing these problems, this paper proposes practical byzantine consensus algorithm based on quantified-role (QPBFT), which can achieve the following advantages: (1) Improving the security and reliability of the blockchain. The reliability attributes of nodes are quantified based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), those nodes with high reliability evaluation scores are more likely to participate in block production by introduction of the quantified-role, which can ensure the reliability of blockchain network; (2) Realizing high efficiency and low energy consumption. Voting mechanism is adopted to simplify and optimize the PBFT consensus process; (3) Implementing adaptation to dynamic network environments. Management nodes, voting nodes, candidate nodes, and ordinary nodes are dynamically adjusted according to node reliability evaluation score for optimizing consensus performance. The paper demonstrates the security feature including reliability and fault tolerance. Meanwhile, simulation experiments are conducted to validate the higher efficiency and less resource consumption of QPBFT compared with PBFT.
A method based on the chemiluminescence reaction of KMnO_4-Na_2S_2O_3-SIN was developed for the determination of sinomenine hydrochloride(SIN) using reversed phase high performance liquid performance with chemiluminescence detection.The chemiluminescence intensity is correlated linearly with SIN concentration in the range of 5.0×10~(-7)-5.0×10~(-5) g/mL with a detection limit of 8.0×10~(-8) g/mL.Its relative standard deviation is 2.8% for 11 measurements.This method has been applied to the determination of SIN in human serum and urine samples.
A flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of tobramycin, micro-nomicin, amikacin and gentamycin has been described. The method utilises chemiluminescence ofthe above analytes emitted during their oxidation with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in alkaline medium in the presence of fluorescein. The obtained detection limits (3σ) are 0.07 μg mL - 1 for tobramycin and 0.08 μg mL - 1 for micronomicin, amikacin and gentamycin. The evaluated method is recommended for automated and continuous analysis. In the automated mode the samples can be analysed at the rate of 100 per h with RSD of about 2.0% for the determination of 5 μg mL - 1 of each aminoglycoside antibiotic (n = 11). The proposed method has been successfully used for the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical formulations without any sample pretreatment.
Stuttering is characterized by disrupted fluency of verbal expression, and occurs mostly in children. Persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) may occur in adults. Reports of the surgical management of PDS are limited. Here we present the case of a 28-year-old man who had had PDS since the age of 7 years, was diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorder at the age of 24 years, and had physical concomitants. He underwent a bilateral anterior capsulotomy 4 years after the diagnosis. Over one year of follow-up, his physical concomitants resolved, and significant improvements in his psychiatric disorders and PDS were observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneous improvement in a patient's PDS and psychiatric disorder after a bilateral anterior capsulotomy.
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