In the title compound, C(15)H(12)N(2)O(7), the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 4.58 (13)° and the nitro group is rotated from its attached ring by 18.07 (17)°. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(5) and S(6) rings, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating [001] C(7) chains. The chains are linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network, which incorporates R(2) (2)(7) and R(2) (2)(10) loops.
Introduction Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin problems encountered in the dermatology department. It is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, clinically presenting with comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. With its particularly high prevalence in the younger population, it has significant adverse sequelae on patient’s quality of life. At present, due to an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of acne, various therapeutic modalities are available. The current management strategies generally follow a systematic treatment escalation based on disease severity and treatment response. However meticulous choice of appropriate anti-acne medicine for the acne type is the key to the management plan. Starting with mild to moderate types of acne as per the Leeds photometric grading scale, the most useful topical agents include topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and topical antibiotics while systemic therapies such as oral antibiotics or isotretinoin are generally reserved for moderate to severe acne treatment. The skin of color (SOC) population is a relatively neglected group concerning the optimum and safe management strategies in different dermatological conditions and acne is no different, where there remains a need for comparing the available topical modalities for appropriate drug selection in the treatment of mild to moderate acne in SOC population. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical 4% benzoyl peroxide versus topical 0.1% adapalene in the treatment of acne vulgaris in the SOC population. Methods The participants were divided into two groups, groups A and B. A total of 64 patients of both genders, with acne vulgaris (duration > three months) were included in the study. In group A, 32 patients were administered topical 0.1% adapalene whereas, in group B, 32 patients were given topical 4% benzoyl peroxide. Both medicines were applied at night daily. Patients were called for follow-up after 12 weeks. In both groups, the final efficacy evaluation was done using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score after 12 weeks of treatment period. Results In group A, the age ranged from 15 to 40 years with a mean age of 25.781±3.93 years while the duration of complaint was 5.843±1.27 months. GAGS score was 25.281±2.65 and mean BMI was 23.092±3.51 kg/m2. In group B, the mean age was 25.187± 4.06 years, the duration of complaint was 7.375±2.25 months, the GAGS score was 23.906± 2.60 while the mean BMI was 21.485±3.88 kg/m2. Efficacy in group A was noted in 25 (78.1%) patients as compared to 24 (75%) patients in group B (p =0.768). Conclusion The present study showed that the safety and efficacy of 0.1% adapalene the traditional drug 4% benzoyl peroxide in the SOC population was comparable.
Conjugated and drug loaded silver nanoparticles are getting an increased attention for various biomedical applications. Nanoconjugates showed significant enhancement in biological activity in comparison to free drug molecules. In this perspective, we report the synthesis of bioactive silver capped with 5-Amino-?-resorcylic acid hydrochloride dihydrate (AR). The in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal), enzyme inhibition (xanthine oxidase, urease, carbonic anhydrase, ?-chymotrypsin, cholinesterase) and antioxidant activities of the developed nanostructures was investigated before and after conjugation to silver metal. The conjugation of AR to silver was confirmed through FTIR, UV-vis and TEM techniques. The amount of AR conjugated with silver was characterized through UV-vis spectroscopy and found to be 9% by weight. The stability of synthesized nanoconjugates against temperature, high salt concentration and pH was found to be good. Nanoconjugates, showed significant synergic enzyme inhibition effect against xanthine and urease enzymes in comparison to standard drugs, pure ligand and silver. Our synthesized nanoconjugate was found be to efficient selective xanthine and urease inhibitors in comparison to Ag and AR. On a per weight basis, our nanoconjugates required less amount of AR (about 11 times) for inhibition of these enzymes.
In the title compound, C 12 H 15 NO 5 , the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the C atoms of the terminal isopropyl group is 83.48 (16)°. Intramolecular N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds generate S (5) and S (6) rings, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating C (7) chains propagating in [001]. Weak aromatic π–π stacking [centroid–centroid separation = 3.604 (3) Å] is also observed.
The current paper summarizes the evaluation of the alcoholic extract of Sarcococca saligna (D. Don) Mull. fruits for acute toxicity, analgesic, GIT motility modulation, and anti-termite properties. The extract was evaluated for analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writhing model while charcoal meal model was adopted for GIT motility estimation in mice. The fruit extract exhibited significant analgesic and GIT motility potential at 700, 1000 mg/kg i.p. in comparison to standard drug (Diclofenac sodium). The extract also showed good anti-termite activity. The extract was also evaluated for toxicological effects which showed that the fruit extract is safe for the consumption of mice at 1000 mg/kg i.p.
This study compared the effectiveness of a Task-Oriented Program and Proprioceptive Training in improving balance, gait, and quality of life in a specific population. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the outcomes of the Task-Oriented Program and Proprioceptive Training on participants' balance, gait, and quality of life. Methods: The study included two treatment groups: Group A (Task-Oriented Program) and Group B (Proprioceptive Training). The gender distribution and frequencies were assessed within each group. Various variables were measured at different time points, and tests for normality were conducted. Independent samples t-tests were performed to analyze the differences in mean scores between the two groups. Results: In Group A, comprising 36 participants, there were 17 males (47.2%) and 19 females (52.8%), while Group B, also with 36 participants, consisted of 16 males (44.4%) and 20 females (55.6%). At baseline, no significant difference was observed in mean Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores between the two groups. However, after four weeks of intervention, Group A demonstrated significantly higher BBS scores than Group B (mean difference = 6.26, p < 0.001). This trend continued at week 8, with Group A showing a substantial advantage (mean difference = 14.56, p < 0.001). Regarding Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) scores, similar patterns emerged. At baseline, no significant difference was found. Still, after four weeks, Group A had significantly higher MAS scores than Group B (mean difference = 7.21, p < 0.001), which further increased at week 8 (mean difference = 13.88, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The Task-Oriented Program yielded superior outcomes compared to Proprioceptive Training in improving participants' balance, gait, and quality of life, as indicated by significantly higher BBS and MAS scores. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the Task-Oriented Program as an intervention for enhancing balance and motor performance in the specific population studied.
Medically, bacterial ureases are important virulent factors and are used for treatment of peptic ulcers and urinary tones. Reported urease inhibitors are associated with various side effects including antibiotic resistance as a major one. Still there is an urgent need to synthesize new urease inhibitors. In this context we have synthesized new urease inhibitor i.e. AgL that is composed of Ag nanomaterials capped with N-substituted methyl 5-acetamido-β-resorcylate (L). The conjugation of L to silver was confirmed through FTIR, UV–vis and TEM analysis. Bare silver nanomaterials (Ag) were also prepared. The stability of AgL nanostructures was determined against various parameters (temperature, high salt concentration, pH) and found to be stable. The in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal), enzyme inhibition (xanthine oxidase, urease, carbonic anhydrase, α-chymotrypsin, cholinesterase) and antioxidant activities of AgL were investigated and compared with Ag, L and standard drugs. In comparison to other bioactivities, AgL shows statistically enhanced selective enzyme inhibition activity against urease enzyme. Urease inhibition activity of AgL was significantly greater than standard drug (thiourea), L and Ag. On a per weight basis, AgL required about 11–18 times less amount of L for inhibition of urease enzyme.
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