Paul Cross

Bangor University

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Alberto Lopes

Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust

Raj Naik

Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Gareth Edwards‐Jones

Bangor University

Davey L. Jones

Bangor University

Cristiano Palego

Bangor University

Marek Ziebart

University College London

Jan‐Peter Müller

University College London

Zhenhong Li

Chang'an University

Richard J. Edmondson

Manchester Academic Health Science Centre

A. Prysor Williams

Bangor University

Cooperative Institutions

Newcastle University

Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Bangor University

University College London

University of Newcastle Australia

UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology

Ain Shams University

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

University of Manchester

Centro de Innovación de Infraestructuras Inteligentes (Spain)

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Energy harvesting devices for honey bee health monitoring

2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP) (2017)

Jake Shearwood Daisy Man Yuen Hung Cristiano Palego Paul Cross

A novel approach for real-time monitoring of honey bees across their entire foraging range is presented herein. Energy harvesting of bee mechanical vibrations is used to power the transmission of bee location data while ensuring minimal physical harm or flight hindrance. Additionally a 5.8 GHz receiver is integrated in a multisource energy harvesting unit which utilizes wind, solar and RF energy scavenging to monitor the location of the bees. Designs and considerations for the power circuitry, transmitter and receiver are discussed.

Solar powered

Power transmission

10.1109/imws-amp.2017.8247435

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Citations (2)

Variation in pesticide hazard from arable crop production in Great Britain from 1992 to 2008: An extended time-series analysis

Crop Protection (2011)

Paul Cross Gareth Edwards‐Jones

Arable land

Variation (astronomy)

10.1016/j.cropro.2011.08.003

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Citations (19)

Quality Management

Springer eBooks (2020)

Barbara A. Centeno Paul Cross Marilin Rosa Rosario Granados

10.1007/978-3-030-53908-5_11

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Citations (1)

High Precision GPS IIR Orbit Prediction using Analytical Non-conservative Force Models

Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2004) (2004)

Marek Ziebart Simon Edwards Sima Adhya A. Sibthorpe Peter Arrowsmith

The geodesy research group at University College London has developed a suite of generalised non-conservative force modelling tools. These tools model the response of a satellite to: solar radiation pressure, anisotropic thermal re-radiation, forces due to radiation both reflected and emitted by the Earth (termed albedo/long wave infrared effects), and the force effects due to the transmission of the microwave navigation signals. In addition, the variation in the incident radiation flux as the satellites pass through the penumbra is modelled. The modelling techniques are designed to deal with realistic, complex satellite structures without any geometrical simplification required in the model computation process. The tools can be applied to any satellite. The solar radiation pressure and thermal re-radiation modelling tools have been described in earlier papers. This paper gives a detailed description of the albedo/IR techniques and the signal transmission force effects. The complete suite of tools has been applied to the GPS Block IIR satellite. All these forces are shown to have a significant effect on the satellite trajectory and can be modelled successfully a priori. To assess the force model accuracy the orbits of GPS Block IIR satellites are predicted and then compared to the post-processed precise orbits, which are used as a truth model. The orbit predictor employs an 8th order embedded Runge-Kutta integrator with adaptive step-size control. High order GRACE gravity field coefficients are used, generating the associated Legendre polynomials with a numerically stable recursive formulation. Other effects modelled are general relativistic forces, third body accelerations due to the Sun, the Moon, Mars, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn, as well as tidal variations to the Earth gravity field. International Earth Rotation Service conventions are used to compute frame transformations. Custom models for the various non-conservative effects are included, showing how each one gradually forces the predicted trajectory to converge with the truth model. Results are presented using one month of GPS Block IIR data, predicting 12-hour trajectories for all satellites for which a precise orbit is available. Over twelve hours the RMS difference between the predicted orbits and the precise versions is shown to be 0.18m in height, 0.09m across track and 0.59m along track, without rejecting any data on a statistical basis, and without applying any empirical parameters. Empirical estimation of initial conditions is applied, finally, and results are presented showing the expected convergence with the precise trajectories.

Radiation Pressure

Orbit (dynamics)

Orbit Determination

Source

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Citations (10)

Differences in the perceptions of farmers and veterinary surgeons about the efficacy of mitigation strategies for controlling bluetongue

Veterinary Record (2009)

Paul Cross Paul Williams Gareth Edwards‐Jones

This study used adaptive conjoint analysis to quantify veterinary surgeons' and farmers' perceptions of a number of previously identified, viable mitigation strategies for controlling bluetongue. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews. A total of 178 completed questionnaires were collected, 121 from farmers and 57 from veterinary surgeons. There were strong significant differences between the strength of preference of farmers and veterinary surgeons for a number of strategies. There was also large variation in the strength of preference among veterinary surgeons with respect to options involving vaccination. The results suggest uncertainty among both veterinary surgeons and farmers regarding the efficacy of current strategies, and suggest the need for dissemination of information to veterinary surgeons and farmers to be better coordinated.

Conjoint Analysis

10.1136/vr.165.14.397

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Citations (23)

Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder

Virchows Archiv A Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology (1989)

Paul Cross Brian Eyden V. M. Joglekar

Carcinosarcoma

10.1007/bf00718608

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Citations (14)

Investigating awareness, fear and control associated with norovirus and other pathogens and pollutants using best–worst scaling

Scientific Reports (2021)

Kata Farkas Emma Green Dan Rigby Paul Cross Sean Tyrrel

Pollutants found in the water and air environment represent an ever-growing threat to human health. Contact with some air-, water- and foodborne pathogens (e.g. norovirus) results in gastrointestinal diseases and outbreaks. For future risk mitigation, we aimed to measure people's awareness of waterborne and foodborne norovirus relative to other environment-associated pollutants (e.g. pesticides, bioaerosols, antibiotic resistant bacteria) and well-known risks (e.g. diabetes, dementia, terrorist attack). We used an online survey, which included a best-worst scaling component to elicit personal levels of control and fear prompted by norovirus relative to 15 other risks. There was a negative correlation between levels of fear vs. control for all 16 measured risks. Perceived infection control levels were higher amongst women compared to men and correlated with age and the level of qualification in both groups. Participants who had sought advice regarding the symptoms caused by norovirus appeared to have more control over the risks. Norovirus is associated with high levels of fear, however, the levels of control over it is low compared to other foodborne illnesses, e.g. Salmonella. Addressing this deficit in the public's understanding of how to control exposure to the pathogen in an important health need.

Indoor bioaerosol

10.1038/s41598-021-90704-7

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Citations (11)

Sticky business - Why do beekeepers keep bees and what makes them successful in Tanzania?

Journal of Rural Studies (2019)

Kata Wagner Henrik Meilby Paul Cross

10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.022

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Citations (26)

A new differential positioning method using modulation correlation of signals of opportunity

IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (2010)

Toby A Webb Paul D. Groves Paul Cross Robert Mason Joseph H. Harrison

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become the positioning systems of choice for many applications. However, GNSS signals are susceptible to obstruction, interference and jamming. Therefore, to maximize robustness and integrity, it is necessary to employ a dissimilar positioning technology that can operate independently and back-up GNSS. One such technology exploits `signals of opportunity' - signals that are designed for purposes other than navigation. This paper presents a system that uses amplitude modulation (AM) radio broadcasts in the medium frequency (MF) band. At these frequencies, the predominant ground-wave propagation mode offers better coverage in remote areas and over sea than is achievable with higher frequency signals. The system is differential and operates by correlating modulation information between the reference and user receivers. A system of this form mitigates the deterioration in and around buildings encountered in prior systems and can provide absolute position using fewer signals than a system using only carrier phase. The system presented in this paper uses generalized cross correlation to obtain time difference of arrival measurements that are subsequently used for position determination. Preliminary results indicate the system provides a robust position solution. Moreover, the system offers the potential to be combined with carrier phase measurements to achieve enhanced performance, while the modulation correlation technique is readily extendable to other types of signal.

Robustness

Modulation (music)

10.1109/plans.2010.5507270

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Citations (7)

The Interobserver Reproducibility of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Using the UK Royal College of Pathologists’ Classification System

American Journal of Clinical Pathology (2011)

Gabrijela Kocjan Ashish Chandra Paul Cross Thomas Giles Sarah J. Johnson

The overall interobserver reproducibility of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has not been comprehensively assessed. A blinded 6-rater interobserver reproducibility study was conducted of 200 thyroid FNA cases using the UK System, which is similar to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology: Thy1, nondiagnostic; Thy2, nonneoplastic; Thy3a, atypia, probably benign; Thy3f, follicular lesion; Thy4, suspicious of malignancy; and Thy5, malignant. There was good interobserver agreement for the Thy1 (κ = 0.69) and Thy5 (κ = 0.61), moderate agreement for Thy2 (κ = 0.55) and Thy3f (κ = 0.51), and poor agreement for Thy3a (κ = 0.11) and Thy4 (κ = 0.17) categories. Combining categories implying surgical management (Thy3f, Thy4, and Thy5) achieved good agreement (κ = 0.72), as did combining categories implying medical management (Thy1, Thy2, and Thy3a; κ = 0.72). The UK thyroid FNA terminology is a reproducible and clinically relevant system for thyroid FNA reporting. This study demonstrates that international efforts to harmonize and refine thyroid cytology classification systems can improve consistency in the clinical management of thyroid nodules.

Thyroid Nodules

Bethesda system

Atypia

10.1309/ajcpz33mvmgzkewu

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Citations (102)