Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is one of the highly fatal cancers and poses a serious threat to human health. Ferroptosis has been widely studied and proved to have an important role in tumor suppression, providing new avenues for cancer therapy; glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase(TXNRD1) are important regulatory targets in ferroptosis.Warburg effect is one of the important energy sources for cancer hypermetabolism, and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) is a key metabolism enzyme that is important in this effect. Shikonin(SKN) is a Chinese herb that has been extensively studied for its anti-tumor ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of anti-tumor effect of SKN in ATC cells and to elucidate the role played by ferroptosis and glycolysis in this inhibitory mechanism. The effects of SKN in ATC cell lines CAL-62 and 8505C cells were detected by flow cytometry, Western blotting,real-time quantitative PCR and a fluorescent probe for reactive oxygen species (ROS) to detect changes in intracellular ROS positivity; glucose and lactate assay kits to detect the levels of the raw material of glucose metabolism, glucose (GLU), and the product of glucose metabolism, lactate (LD); and the establishment of the BALB/C nude mice subcutaneous tumor model to analyse the inhibitory effect of SKN on ATC in vivo. The present study demonstrated that SKN inhibits the expression of NF-κB,GPX4,TXNRD1,PKM2,GLUT1.SKN inhibits ATC cell growth by down-regulating the occurrence of intracellular ferroptosis and inhibiting glycolysis in ATC cells.
A low temperature sol polyurethane anti-felting agent modified with 3-aminopropyltrie-thoxysilane(APTES) was synthesized for wool as to reduce yellowing and impairment of fabric strength caused by high temperature curing when using traditional sol-gel method.Firstly a prepolymer with isocyanate group(—NCO) achieved from the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) with poly(propylene oxide dual)(PPD),and then blocked by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to form a new precursor PPD-[Si(OEt)3]2.After that,a sol was prepared as anti-felting agent.Inorganic-organic hybrid film formed by the sol and its thermal property were characterized by FTIR and TGA.The sol agent was used to treat wool fabric samples at different curing temperature(120,140,160℃),and their anti-felting effects were compared.The results show that a better anti-felting effect is achieved by the new agent with low curing temperature at 120℃ for 3 min,and the area dimensional change is less than 3%.
Radioiodine is a routine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancers. Non‑thyroid cancers may be treated with radioiodine following transfection with the human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) gene. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter is an effective tumor‑specific promoter for gene expression and thus may be useful in targeted gene therapy of malignant glioma. The present study used GFAP promoter‑modulated expression of the hNIS gene in an experimental model of radioiodine‑based treatment for malignant glioma. Cells were transfected using a recombination adenovirus and evaluated in cells by studying the transfected transgene expression through western blot analysis, 125I uptake and efflux, clonogenicity following 131I treatment and radioiodine therapy using a U87 xenograft nude mouse model. Following transfection with the hNIS gene, the cells showed 95‑70‑fold higher 125I uptake compared with the control cells transfected with Ad‑cytomegalovirus (CMV)‑enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The western blotting revealed bands of ~70, 49 and 43 kDa, consistent with the hNIS, GFAP and β‑actin proteins. The clonogenic assay indicated that, following exposure to 500 µCi of 131I‑iodide for 12 h, >90% of cells transfected with the hNIS gene were killed. Ad‑GFAP‑hNIS-transfected and 2 mCi 131I-injected U87 xenograft nude mice survived the longest of the three groups. The hNIS‑expressing tumor tissue accumulated 99mTcO4 rapidly within 30 min of it being intraperitoneally injected. The experiments demonstrated that effective 131I therapy was achieved in the malignant glioma cell lines following the induction of tumor‑specific iodide uptake activity by GFAP promoter‑directed hNIS gene expression in vitro and in vivo. 131I therapy retarded Ad‑GFAP‑hNIS transfected‑tumor growth following injection with 131I in U87 xenograft‑bearing nude mice.
It is difficult to evaluate the document collection partition in distributed information retrieval. Recently, there is no clear evaluation criterion for the document collection partition problem. In this paper, two partition models are built to formulate the document collection partition problem from the essence of the problem itself and they can be used as the evaluation criterion of the document collection partition problem. A Huffman_encoding_like algorithm is introduced to compute the optimum partition solution given a test query set. The optimum partition solution is a good reference of other partition solution. The experimental results show that the two models are effective document collection partition evaluation criteria.
The aim of this study was to report a rare case of non-functional ectopic thyroid tissue in the neck with a coexisting normal thyroid. A 36-year-old female presented with a mass in the anterior neck. The thyroid function of the patient was normal. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) revealed a normal thyroid gland and a solid mass in the middle lower neck. Scintigraphy showed a normal thyroid and the mass did show any uptake of 99mTcO4- . The patient underwent en bloc resection. During surgery, the mass was observed to be well encapsulated and completely separated from the thyroid gland. Histology revealed it as ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient had an uneventful recovery.
A 47-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to chest tightness and dyspnea for 3 days, which can be self-relieving after 3–5 min of rest. He had no relevant previous medical history except for arterial hypertension for 5 years and chronic hepatitis type B for 10 years. The laboratory results showed that the liver and kidney function tests were within normal ranges. the creatine kinase (113.6 U/L), creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (3.40 ng/mL), troponin I (0.00 mg/mL), and alpha fetoprotein (3.36 ng/mL) were all normal. Cardiac ultrasound demonstrated a large right atrial mass, 3.5 cm in diameter but not involving the tricuspid valve. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large hepatic tumor (Fig. 1a, thick arrow) in addition to the right atrial mass (Fig.1a, thin arrow), both with slightly high intensity in the T2-weighted image. A fluoro-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT (FDG-PET/CT) scan was performed and showed the atrial mass with high FDG uptake (Fig.1b), without other abnormalities on the maximum intensity projection image (Fig.1c). The patient underwent a simultaneous resection of the two tumors under cardiopulmonary bypass. Histologically, the tumors were moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common metastatic sites of HCC are the lungs, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and bones. Intracardiac involvement is an unusual form of HCC metastasis, with a reported rate of 1.2%. Various cardiac symptoms such as sudden dyspnea, chest pain, lower extremity edema, and even sudden death can be encountered in HCC patients with intracardiac involvement. Traditionally, it has an extremely poor prognosis regardless of the treatment strategy, with a median survival range of 1–4 months. In our patient, he obtained relatively long-term survival through the simultaneous resection of HCC and intracardiac tumor but eventually succumbed to HCC progression 1 year later. Although cardiac metastasis is rare, our case alerts physicians to pay attention to patients with no obvious cause of chest tightness and dyspnea, especially for those with malignant tumors like HCC.
Objective To investigate the influential factors on the effectiveness of the first 131I ablation therapy on thyroid remnant and of 131I treatment on metastatic lesions in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Methods Retrospectively,46 DTC cases (divided into complete-ablation group and incomplete-ablation group) of first 131I ablation were enrolled,and 40 DTC cases (divided into remission group and in-remission group) of consecutive 131I treatments on metastatic lesions were enrolled. Influential factors were analyzed (t-test,t'-test,x2-test,Fisher exact test) and logistic regression analysis was performed. Results For the first 131I ablation effectiveness,surgical method,remnant thyroid weight,thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level,interval between surgery and 131I ablation therapy,metastatic status were selected as influential factors (x2 = 5. 804,t' = - 5. 258,t' = 7. 376,x2 = 8. 867,x2 = 8. 615,all P ＜0. 05). After logistic regression analysis,formula was obtained as y = 3. 766 - 0. 947x1 ( remnant thyroid weight) -3. 149 x2 (lymph node metastasis) -3. 373 x3 (distant metastasis). For metastatic treatment effectiveness,remission rate of papillary DTC was higher than that of follicular DTC,remission rate of patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that of distant metastasis,remission rate of total thyroidectomy was higher than that of other types of thyroidectomy ( Fisher exact test,x2 = 7. 278,P ＜ 0. 05 ). In remission group,serum TSH level was much higher and thyroglobulin (Tg) level was much lower before the first ablation therapy (t =4. 489,t' = -4.906,all P ＜0.01 ). After logistic regression analysis,formula was obtained as y = - 0. 363 + 0. 065 x4 ( TSH level) - 0. 250 x5 ( Tg level). Conclusions Influential factors of success rate of the first 131I ablation therapy included surgical method,remnant thyroid weight,TSH level,interval between surgery and 131I ablation therapy and metastatic status,while determinant factors were thyroid remnant weight,lymph node metastatic status and distant metastatic status. The influential factors of success rate of 131I treatment on metastatic lesions included pathological type,surgical method,metastatic status,TSH level and Tg level,while determinant factors were TSH level and Tg level before the first 131I ablation therapy.
Key words:
Thyroid neoplasms; Surgery,operation; Iodine radioisotopes; Treatment outcome
Radioiodine is a routine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancers. In principle, undifferentiated thyroid cancers as well as nonthyroid cancers can concentrate and, thus, be treated with radioiodine after transfection with the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter is an effective tumor-specific promoter of gene expression and, thus, may be useful in targeted gene therapy of cancer.We used hTERT promoter-modulated expression of the hNIS and human thyroperoxidase (hTPO) genes in an experimental model of radioiodine-based treatment of malignant glioma. Cells were cotransfected by adenovirus in which the hNIS gene had been coupled to the hTERT promoter and the hTPO gene had been coupled to the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (Ad-hTERT-hNIS and Ad-CMV-hTPO, respectively), and they were evaluated in cells thus transfecting transgene expression by western blots, (125)I uptake and influx, and clonogenecity after (131)I treatment.After cotransfection with two adenovirus, cells showed about 31-34 times higher (125)I uptake than the control cells transfected with Ad-CMV-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) and almost 1.3-1.4 times higher (125)I uptake than cells only transfected with Ad-hTERT-hNIS. Western blots revealed two bands of ∼70 and 110 kDa, respectively. The in vitro clonogenic assay indicated that, after exposure to 100-1000 μCi of (131)I-iodide for 12 hours, 91%-94% of cells cotransfected with the hNIS and hTPO genes, 88%-93% of cells transfected with the hNIS gene, and only 62%-68% of control (nontransfected) cells were killed.The experiments demonstrated that an effective therapy of (131)I was achieved in malignant glioma cell lines after induction of tumor-specific iodide uptake activity by the hTERT promoter-directed NIS expression in vitro. Cotransfection of the hNIS and hTPO genes can lead to longer retention of radioiodide, but did not increase cell killing over that achieved with transfection with the hNIS gene alone.
To predict the production of horizontal well and examine the relationship between shaft stability and reservoir deformation,fluid seepage and shaft pressure drop,this study establishes coupling mechanical-mathematical model considering the interaction between reservoir deformation,radial seepage and variable mass flow.Also,this study decouples the coupling model,obtains the analytical solution for pore pressure,and analyzes the influence of physical-mechanical nonlinear property of reservoir deformation on pore pressure and the influence of radial seepage on pressure drop in horizontal well.The study shows that if the property of reservoir changes more nonlinearly,then pore pressure dissipating will be slower.In calculating the pressure drop in horizontal well,the seepage influence on main stream flow should be considered because the influence is obvious.The difference between coupling and uncoupling is so great that the coupling effect cannot be ignored.
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