Abstract Nuclear safety concerns the development of the cause of putting nuclear energy and technology to good use, environmental safety, and the public interest. The public participation of nuclear safety is an important means of popularizing safety knowledge and eliminating public concerns. Social psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the social phenomena of individuals and groups. In fact, the public participation of nuclear safety is a collective activity for citizens to integrate into nuclear safety and participate in nuclear safety. The theoretical root of public participation is social psychology. Using social psychology to analyze the behavior and ideas of various stakeholders in public participation can effectively enhance the relevance and effectiveness of public participation. Therefore, it is very important to carry out public safety research based on social psychology. This paper investigates the present situation of public participation of nuclear safety, and analyze the misunderstandings of current public participation based on social psychology: Public participation requires a high level of knowledge because more knowledgeable people are more supportive of nuclear energy; The public must either support or oppose nuclear energy, without a third option; Public opposition to nuclear energy is attributed to insufficient public participation; Wrong views should be downplayed and will disappear over time; Public participation is only the responsibility of dedicated staff. For these misunderstandings, this paper proposes a follow-up to the recommendations of public participation: Understand the conformity among individuals; Apply various measures to engage people from different groups to improve the effectiveness of public participation; Encourage extensive participation to create synergy; Step up international cooperation to promote public participation.
Abstract Searching for a universal trend by the same tuning method in different high-temperature superconductors with a similar crystal structure is a common strategy to find clues for a better understanding the superconducting mechanism in a unified way. It is known that the hole-doped bismuth-oxide Ba 1- x K x BiO 3 possesses a similar perovskite structure to that of the hole-doped copper-oxide (cuprate) superconductors but also holds a comparatively high superconducting transition temperature. In this study, we report the first observation of the pressure-induced quantum phase transition (QPT) from superconducting to insulating states in a series of Ba 1- x K x BiO 3 single-crystal samples. A similar QPT has also been observed recently in the compressed cuprate superconductors 1 . Significantly, we found that the QPT observed in Ba 1- x K x BiO 3 is intriguingly associated with the valence change of the Bi ions in the material. These results lead us to propose that the pressure-induced valence change from Bi 3+ to Bi 5+ destroys the hole-doping effect on stabilizing the conductivity and corresponding superconductivity. By comparing the high-pressure behaviors observed in these two kinds of oxides, we identified another prominent feature shared by them - the more the hole-doping concentration, the higher the critical pressure required for driving the QPT.
Abstract The initiation and organization of a quasi-linear extreme-rain-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) along a mei-yu front in east China during the midnight-to-morning hours of 8 July 2007 are studied using high-resolution surface observations and radar reflectivity, and a 24-h convection-permitting simulation with the nested grid spacing of 1.11 km. Both the observations and the simulation reveal that the quasi-linear MCS forms through continuous convective initiation and organization into west–east-oriented rainbands with life spans of about 4–10 h, and their subsequent southeastward propagation. Results show that the early convective initiation at the western end of the MCS results from moist southwesterly monsoonal flows ascending cold domes left behind by convective activity that develops during the previous afternoon-to-evening hours, suggesting a possible linkage between the early morning and late afternoon peaks of the mei-yu rainfall. Two scales of convective organization are found during the MCS's development: one is the east- to northeastward “echo training” of convective cells along individual rainbands, and the other is the southeastward “band training” of the rainbands along the quasi-linear MCS. The two organizational modes are similar within the context of “training” of convective elements, but they differ in their spatial scales and movement directions. It is concluded that the repeated convective backbuilding and the subsequent echo training along the same path account for the extreme rainfall production in the present case, whereas the band training is responsible for the longevity of the rainbands and the formation of the quasi-linear MCS.
We studied magnetic anisotropic properties, interlayer coupling, and spin wave relaxation in ten periods of CoFeB/Cr/CoFeB films grown on seed layers of Cu with a Co:Fe:B composition ratio of 2:2:1. The measurements were taken in samples with 50 Å layers of CoFeB using the ferromagnetic resonance technique. The thickness of the Cr interlayers was varied from 4 to 40 Å for understanding the mechanisms of interlayer coupling. We investigated the magnetic anisotropy parameters by rotating the sample with respect to the microwave magnetic field from in plane to perpendicular to the plane. We identify both the acoustic branch and the optical branch in the spin wave resonance spectra. The effective interlayer coupling constant and the out-of-plane anisotropy show an oscillatory change, while the uniaxial in-plane anisotropy increases monotonically with increasing the thickness of the spacing layers. Moreover, we show that the spin wave relaxation can be optimized by adjusting the interlayer exchange interactions.
objective:To identify the function of NRP-1 in progression and angiogenesis of laryngocarcinoma cell line Hep-2 in vitro.methods:MTT,the cell migrate,attack and vascular formation experiments in vitro was used to evaluate the effect of NRP-1 antigen on the migrate,attack and angiogenesis capability of laryngocarcinoma cell line Hep-2.Results:The proliferation inhibition ratio of Hep-2 cells was risen up as the NRP-1 antigen's concentration was increaced(r=0.624,P0.01).The number of cells migrated in the group with NRP-1 antigen was fewer than that in the control group(P0.01).After Hep-2 cells were treated with NRP-1 antigen for 48 hours,compared with the control group,the adhesion,invasion ability was significantly weakened(P0.01)and induction of vessel lumina formation on matrigel was much less in vitro(P0.01).Conclustion:The NRP-1 antigen suppressed the Hep-2 cell line's proliferation,adhesion,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis in vitro,confirmed that NRP-1 not only played an impotant role in vascular endothelial cell angiogenesis,but also had remarkable influence on Hep-2 cells.It suggested that NRP-1 may plays an impotant role in the laryngocarcinoma's tumorigenesis and developing process,inhibit the expression of NRP-1 may be a new stratage in the treatment of laryngocarcinoma
Large-scale ZnO nanowire arrays are synthesized by electrodeposition with subsequent heat treatment in atmosphere ambient at 450–650°C. Photoluminescence (PL) is investigated at 295 K. Abnormal PL properties of an unusual sharp emission at 485 nm and a broad ultraviolet emission which are different from the other works of ZnO PL before are observed. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that the length of ZnO nanowires is nearly 5 μm and their diameter is about 70 nm. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction results reveal that the ZnO nanowires are a polycrystalline structure.
During the early morning hours of 8 July 2007, a mesoscale convective system(MCS) developed near the southern edge of a Meiyu front, causing torrential rainfall over the Huaihe river valley. Structural features of the MCS are studied using high-resolution surface data and radar reflectivity. Air vertical velocity(w) in the MCS's mature stage is investigated using a 24 h cloud-permitting simulation with the finest grid spacing of 1.11 km which is validated by comparing with the observations. The major conclusions are as follows.The MCS consists of deep convective(DC) and stratiform raining(RST) regions. In the DC regions, the air vertical motion is mainly ascending with the maximum w at the mid-troposphere(~6 km). At the low altitudes(below 1.5 km), environmental high-?se air ascends and convectively generated low-?se air descends. In the RST, air ascends weakly at the mid-to-high altitudes(above 5km) and descends weakly below 4~5 km altitudes. The perturbation air density buoyancy term(B1), vertical pressure gradient force term(PGA) and hydrometer loading term(B2) play important roles in the predictive equation of w. In the DC regions below the ~1.5 km altitude, both the B1 and PGA terms help form new convection at the leading edge. At 2~10 km altitudes, latent heating induced by changes in water phases supports the strong upward motion of air in the DC regions. Near the cloud tops, B1 is negative and PGA is positive possibly because of longwave radiative cooling and adiabatic cooling in association with weak upward motion of air. Compared to the DC regions, the RST regions see smaller values of B1, PGA and B2. Below ~5 km, B1 and B2 are negative while PGA is positive in the RST regions, suggesting that cooling due to rain drops evaporation is the major contributing factor for the weak air descent. At 5~10 km altitudes in the RST regions, detrainment of positively buoyant air from the DC regions to the RST regions and the subsequent depositional heating result in positive B1 which supports the upward air motion there.
Abstract Optical manipulation of coherent phonon frequency in two-dimensional (2D) materials could advance the development of ultrafast phononics in atomic-thin platforms. However, conventional approaches for such control are limited to doping, strain, structural or thermal engineering. Here, we report the experimental observation of strong laser-polarization control of coherent phonon frequency through time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopic study of van der Waals (vdW) materials Fe 3 GeTe 2 . When the polarization of the pumping laser with tilted incidence is swept between in-plane and out-of-plane orientations, the frequencies of excited phonons can be monotonically tuned by as large as 3% (~100 GHz). Our first-principles calculations suggest the strong planar and vertical inter-atomic interaction asymmetry in layered materials accounts for the observed polarization-dependent phonon frequencies, as in-plane/out-of-plane polarization modifies the restoring force of the lattice vibration differently. Our work provides insightful understanding of the coherent phonon dynamics in layered vdW materials and opens up new avenues to optically manipulating coherent phonons.
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