3D TiO2 nanotube arrays loaded with Au nanoparticles (3D Au-NPs/TNTAs) were prepared to effectively enhance the photoelectrocatalytic properties. A simple flow injection sensing system was proposed for the real-time on-line determination of chemical oxygen demand using the 3D Au-NPs/TNTAs electrode. The proposed photoelectrochemical oxidative degradation principle of the sensing system was analyzed and validated by the representative organic compounds with known COD values at a potential bias 1.5 V under UV illumination. A practical detection limit of the sensing system is 0.18 mg/L and the linear range is 1.92 - 3360 mg/L under the optimum conditions. In the experimental process, the sensing system exhibits good long-term stability and reproducibility.
Purpose The aim of this article was to review and collectively assess the published studies of fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy (RS) of the in vivo detection and diagnosis of head and neck carcinomas, and to derive a consensus average of the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Methods The authors searched four databases, including Ovid-Medline, Ovid-Embase, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), up to February 2023 for all published studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of fiber-optic RS in the in vivo detection of head and neck carcinomas. Nonqualifying studies were screened out in accordance with the specified exclusion criteria, and relevant information about the diagnostic performance of fiber-optic RS was excluded. Publication bias was estimated by Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test. A random effects model was adopted to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Additionally, the authors conducted a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve analysis and threshold analysis, reporting the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the overall performance of fiber-optic RS in vivo . Results Ten studies (including 16 groups of data) were included in this article, and a total of 5365 in vivo Raman spectra (cancer = 1,746; normal = 3,619) were acquired from 877 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fiber-optic RS of head and neck carcinomas were 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. SROC curves were generated to estimate the overall diagnostic accuracy, and the AUC was 0.96 (95% CI [0.94–0.97]). No significant publication bias was found in this meta-analysis by Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test. The heterogeneity of these studies was significant; the Q test values of the sensitivity and specificity were 106.23 ( P = 0.00) and 64.21 ( P = 0.00), respectively, and the I2 index of the sensitivity and specificity were 85.88 (95% CI [79.99–91.77]) and 76.64 (95% CI [65.45–87.83]), respectively. Conclusion Fiber-optic RS was demonstrated to be a reliable technique for the in vivo detection of head and neck carcinoma with high accuracy. However, considering the high heterogeneity of these studies, more clinical studies are needed to reduce the heterogeneity, and further confirm the utility of fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy in vivo .
Agricultural carbon mitigation is one of the most important components of China’s carbon mitigation goals. This paper calculates China’s agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs) from 2000 to 2020, studies the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of China’s ACEs, and aims to provide references for the development of China’s ACEs reduction policies. The results show that the total ACEs in China presented an inverted “W” trend, with a slight increase of 2.81% in total. China’s ACEs mainly came from livestock and poultry breeding and agricultural material inputs. Although the carbon emissions from rice cultivation and soil accounted for a relatively low proportion, they showed an uptrend of fluctuation during the study period. From a geographical point of view, ACEs in the regions of central China and western China were relatively high compared to those in eastern China. Carbon emissions decreased for crop farming and livestock and poultry breeding in most eastern provinces. Crop farming carbon emissions grew, while the emissions from livestock and poultry breeding declined in most of the central provinces. Carbon emissions increased for crop farming and livestock and poultry breeding in most western provinces. Therefore, the existing low-carbon agricultural policies should be optimized, crop farming technologies should be improved, and specific policies should be applied in the corresponding regions to support China’s ACEs reduction.
Abstract Background Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel), as a special targeted preparation of paclitaxel, has the advantages of good curative effect and less side effects in anti-tumor therapy. The existence of the plasma-peritoneal barrier and insufficient blood supply make intravenous drugs hard to reach the peritoneum, while hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy can solve the difficulty. And compared with systemic medications, HIPEC can also give higher concentrations of chemotherapy drugs in the abdominal cavity, while ensuring lower systemic toxicity. However, at present, there is no relevant report on the clinical study of nab-paclitaxel during intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy, and its stability under special temperature conditions has not been reported either. Methods In this study, We examined three batches of albumin-bound paclitaxel dissolved in saline at different temperatures (25 °C, 37 °C, 41 °C, 42 °C and 43 °C) for the changes of human serum albumin content, human serum albumin polymer content, related substance content, in-vitro release rate, paclitaxel binding rate and paclitaxel content at different temperatures. Results Our results demonstrated that the indicators including human serum albumin content, human serum albumin polymer content, in-vitro release rate, paclitaxel binding rate and paclitaxel content were stable to the several temperatures, except that Taxane (0.1%) and other individual impurities in the determination of related substance content fluctuated comparatively widely with the change of temperature. In addition, only Taxane (0.1%) and 7-Epitaxol (1%) were detected. Conclusions Overall, albumin-bound paclitaxel is relatively stable to different temperatures (25 °C, 37 °C, 41 °C, 42 °C and 43 °C). This study will lay a foundation for further studies on the albumin-bound paclitaxel during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
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