Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory polygenic disease with significant impacts on skin and joints, leading to substantial treatment challenges and healthcare costs. The quest for novel therapeutic avenues has recently highlighted extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. EVs are nano-sized, lipid membrane-bound particles secreted by cells that have emerged as promising tools for targeted drug delivery, owing to their unique structure. This review delves into how EVs, either as mediators of cell communication or via their cargo (such as miRNA), directly participate in the pathology of psoriasis, influencing processes such as immune regulation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, this review explores the innovative application of EVs in psoriasis treatment, both as direct therapeutic agents and as vehicles for drug delivery, offering a novel approach to overcoming the current treatment limitations.
We have produced a draft sequence of the rice genome for the most widely cultivated subspecies in China, Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica , by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The genome was 466 megabases in size, with an estimated 46,022 to 55,615 genes. Functional coverage in the assembled sequences was 92.0%. About 42.2% of the genome was in exact 20-nucleotide oligomer repeats, and most of the transposons were in the intergenic regions between genes. Although 80.6% of predicted Arabidopsis thaliana genes had a homolog in rice, only 49.4% of predicted rice genes had a homolog in A. thaliana . The large proportion of rice genes with no recognizable homologs is due to a gradient in the GC content of rice coding sequences.
Angular tricyclic and polycyclic skeletons feature typical cores in an intriguing type of natural products. We herein report the Lewis acids-catalyzed dearomative (3 + 2) cycloadditions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with benzene ring, by which structurally complex and diverse angular tricyclic and polycyclic carbocycles were efficiently constructed from cheap and easily available feedstock and with convenient operation. This is also the example of (3 + 2) cycloaddition of a C3-synthon with the C = C of benzene. We believe this will demonstrate its potential in the total syntheses of natural products and drug discovery.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health concern worldwide and the few drugs currently available only treat the symptoms. Hence, there is a strong need to find more effective anti-AD agents. Cynanchum otophyllum is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating epilepsy, and otophylloside B (Ot B), isolated from C. otophyllum, is the essential active component. Having previously identified anti-aging effects of Ot B, we evaluated Ot B for AD prevention in C. elegans models of AD and found that Ot B extended lifespan, increased heat stress-resistance, delayed body paralysis, and increased the chemotaxis response. Collectively, these results indicated that Ot B protects against Aβ toxicity. Further mechanistic studies revealed that Ot B decreased Aβ deposition by decreasing the expression of Aβ at the mRNA level. Genetic analyses showed that Ot B mediated its effects by increasing the activity of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) by upregulating the expression of hsf-1 and its target genes, hsp-12.6, hsp-16.2 and hsp-70. Ot B also increased the expression of sod-3 by partially activating DAF-16, while SKN-1 was not essential in Ot B-mediated protection against Aβ toxicity.
Objective:To analyzed the results of olfactory function test in patients with post-viral olfactory dysfunction（PVOD）, and evaluated the prognostic factors, so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:This study included patients who were diagnosed with PVOD at least one year ago in Beijing Anzhen Hospital and whose telephone interviews of subjective olfactory function were available. The general condition of the patients, the results Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test and the event-related potentials（ERPs） were analyzed in different improvement groups. This study retrospectively analyzed PVOD patients treated in the outpatient department of Beijing Anzhen Hospital. They were given olfactory training for 4 months. The Sniffin' Sticks test was performed on the patients before and after the treatment. The Sniffin' Sticks test and event-related potentials（ERPs） results were used to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results:In this study, the olfactory improvement rate of 63 PVOD patients was 52.38%（33/63）. Compared to the non-improvement group, the course of disease in the group with improved subjective olfactory function was significantly shorter（P<0.001）, the initial olfactory function was significantly better（P<0.001）, and the olfactory threshold was much lower（P<0.001）. The presence of olfactory event-related potentials and trigeminal ERPs（tERPs） were 52.38%（33/63） and 87.30%（55/63）, respectively. The presence of oERPs in the olfactory function improvement group was significantly higher than that in the non-improvement group（P<0.05）, but there was no difference in the presence of tERPs（P>0.05）. Latency of N1 and P2 waves in oERPs with improvement group（ON1L, OP2L） were longer than those in the non-improvement group（P<0.05）, N1 and P2 wave amplitudes（ON1A, OP2A） had no difference（P>0.05）. The N1 and P2 amplitudes and latency of tERPs showed no difference between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that threshold value before treatment（OR=21.376, 95%CI: 2.172-210.377, P=0.009）; ON1L（OR=0.994, 95%CI: 0.988-0.999, P=0.029） and course of disease（OR=0.607, 95%CI: 0.405-0.920, P=0.016） was significantly associated with olfactory prognosis. Conclusion:The course of olfactory dysfunction, the severity of olfactory dysfunction, the threshold of olfactory function, and the latency of N1 wave of oERPs can be used to evaluate the prognosis of PVOD patients. However, age, olfactory discrimination, recognition ability, oERPs amplitude and tERPs wave value had less prognostic value.目的：分析上呼吸道感染后嗅觉障碍（PVOD）患者主客观嗅觉功能测试结果，评估预后因素，为临床诊疗提供依据。 方法：回顾性分析就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院门诊的PVOD患者，给予嗅觉训练治疗4个月，对患者治疗前后进行Sniffin’Sticks嗅觉测试，根据嗅觉功能改善情况分为嗅觉功能改善组和嗅觉功能无改善组，分析患者一般情况、Sniffin’Sticks嗅觉测试和事件相关电位（ERPs）结果，评估嗅觉预后相关因素。 结果：63例PVOD患者的嗅觉改善率为52.38%（33/63）。与嗅觉功能无改善组比较，嗅觉功能改善组病程短（P<0.001），治疗前嗅觉功能好（P<0.001），嗅觉阈值低（P<0.001）。嗅觉事件相关电位（oERPs）和三叉神经事件相关电位（tERPs）的引出率分别为52.38%（33/63）和87.30%（55/63），嗅觉功能改善组oERPs引出率明显高于嗅觉功能无改善组（P<0.05），而tERPs引出率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。嗅觉功能改善组oERPs的N1波潜伏期（N1L）和P2波潜伏期（P2L）高于嗅觉功能无改善组（P<0.05），N1波振幅（N1A）和P2波振幅（P2A）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。tERPs的N1波和P2波振幅及潜伏期两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析，治疗前阈值（OR=21.376，95%CI：2.172~210.377，P=0.009）、oERPs的N1L（OR=0.994，95%CI：0.988~0.999，P=0.029）和病程（OR=0.607，95%CI：0.405~0.920，P=0.016）与嗅觉预后显著相关。 结论：嗅觉障碍病程、嗅觉障碍严重程度、嗅觉功能阈值、oERPs的N1L可作为评估PVOD患者预后的指标。而年龄、嗅觉辨别能力、识别能力、oERPs的振幅和tERPs各波值等对预后评估价值较小。.
One hundred sixteen cases of leukemia patients received supra-high single dose TBI for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with total a radiation dosage of 700-770 Gy at about 5cGy/min. Seventy patients were given ondanstron (8mg) plus dexamethasone (DXM, 10mg) for prophylaxis of TBI-induced acute nausea and vomiting, 46 patients were given paspertin (10mg) plus dexamethasone (10mg) as controls. The clinical results showed that ondansetron plus DXM achieved complete or major control of vomiting in 59/70 (84%) of cases and there was little or no nausea in 61/70 (87%), while paspertin plus DXM achieved complete or major control of vomiting only in 9/46 (20%) of cases and little or no nausea in 5/46 (11%). It is concluded that ondansetron has significantly greater advantage over paspertin in the control of acute emesis induced by TBI.
Plant-parasitic nematodes are destructive pathogens causing enormous economic losses worldwide. With the withdrawal of fumigants, organophosphates and carbamates, pathogenic nematode control is more difficult. Phytochemicals are the plant secondary metabolites and are friendly for men and the environment. For developing new nematocidal candidates, we screened 790 phytochemicals using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and found 10 active compounds, 3 of which were further evaluated for their inhibitory activities against egg hatching of C. elegans and J2 Meloidogyne incognita. Among them, 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) was the only compound that could kill more than 50% of targets at 50 μg/mL, prompting us to investigate how 1,4-NQ triggers nematode lethality. In C. elegans, we observed that 1,4-NQ could influence reactive oxygen production, superoxide dismutase activity, and the heat-shock transcription factor (HSF)-1 pathway, which indicated that 1,4-NQ stimulated significant oxidative stress. Furthermore, using quantitative RT-PCR and transgenetic nematodes, we revealed that 1,4-NQ lethality was related to the Insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) pathway, and the effect of 1,4-NQ on IIS pathway related genes indicated that 1,4-NQ could activate this pathway and suppress the expression of DAF-16 target genes. The triggering of oxidative stress and activation of the IIS pathway indicated that 1,4-NQ operates through the generation of oxygen radicals, which can be lethal to C. elegans, thus making it an interesting lead compound for the development of future nematocides.
Objective: To assess the taste function of healthy Chinese adults with the reliable whole-mouth taste test, and to analyze the correlation of taste function with age and gender. Methods: The clinical data of 584 participants reporting the normal sense of smell and taste from March 2019 to January 2020 in the Physical Examination Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital were analyzed in the study, including 297 males and 287 females, aging (46.9±16.6) years. The subjects were divided into youth group (19-35 years old), middle aged group (36-50 years old), middle-elderly aged group (51-65 years old) and elderly group (66-80 years old). The taste test involved 5 tastants (sour, sweet, salty, umami and bitter) and 7 concentrations. The perception and recognition scores of five tastes were obtained through the whole-mouth taste test. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficients of the whole-mouth taste test were 0.751 to 0.828, which showed high test-retest reliability. The total score of perception and recognition of five tastes showed the significant negative correlation with age (r value was -0.49 and -0.44, respectively, both P<0.001). Compared with the other two groups, taste function of middle-elderly aged and elderly group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in total perception scores and total recognition scores between youth and middle aged group (all P>0.05). The perception scores and recognition scores of sour, salty, umami, bitter and total scores in females were higher than those in males (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in perception scores and recognition scores for sweet between them (P value was 0.584 and 0.223, respectively). Conclusions: The taste function is significantly negatively correlated with age. Except the sweet, females are more sensitive to the sour, salty, umami and bitter tastes than males.目的： 通过可靠的全口味觉功能检查对健康成人的味觉功能进行评估，分析味觉功能与年龄及性别的相关性。 方法： 纳入2019年3月至2020年1月北京安贞医院体检中心嗅觉味觉功能正常的健康受试者584名，其中男297名，女287名，年龄（46.9±16.6）岁。将受试者按年龄分为青年组（19~35岁）、中年组（36~50岁）、中老年组（51~65岁）和老年组（66~80岁）。味觉功能检查包括5种味觉（酸、甜、咸、鲜和苦）和7种浓度梯度。通过全口味觉功能检查得到5种味觉的味觉感知及识别得分。采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。 结果： 全口味觉功能检查组内相关系数为0.751~0.828，具有较高的重测信度。受试者5种味觉的感知及识别总分与年龄呈负相关（r值分别为-0.49、-0.44，P值均<0.001）。中老年组和老年组较青年组和中年组受试者味觉功能明显下降（P值均<0.001）；青年组与中年组的味觉感知和识别总分差异无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。女性酸、咸、鲜和苦的感知和识别得分及总分均高于男性（P值均<0.05），但甜味的感知及识别得分与男性相比差异无统计学意义（P值分别为0.584、0.223）。 结论： 随着年龄增加，人体的味觉功能出现下降。除甜味外，女性对酸、咸、鲜和苦味的敏感性比男性高。.
Lewy body diseases (LBD) comprise a group of complex neurodegenerative conditions originating from accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. LBD pathologies are characterized by α-syn deposition in association with other proteins such as Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau, and TAR-DNA-binding protein. To investigate the complex interactions of these proteins, we constructed 2 novel transgenic overexpressing (OE) C. elegans strains (α-syn
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