Subway railway systems are being increasingly adopted in metro cities to ease the passenger transportation. But there are some concerns related to the safety of the passengers. Nowadays, PSD(Platform Screen Doors) are commonly used to assure the safety of passengers. PSD is used to prevent the fire disasters, air turbulence, and dust which may pose a threat to the passenger's safety. Moreover the design of PSD itself has to take some parameters into consideration, crowd loading, wind pressure, etc. In our present study we perform a fatigue analysis considering these parameters. Commercial finite element software package ANSYS Workbench 11.0 has been used for the structural analysis. In correlation with this analysis, the structural safety of the testing PSD equipment was confirmed, and the critical load condition was found.
Abstract Demands for effective high‐temperature electrical conductors continue to increase with the rapid adoption of electric vehicles. However, the use of conventional copper‐based conductors is limited to relatively low temperatures due to their poor oxidation resistance and microstructural instability. Here, a highly conductive and thermally stable nickel‐graphene‐copper (NiGCu) wire that combines the advantages of graphene and its metallic components is developed. The NiGCu wire consists of a conductive copper core, an oxidation‐resistant nickel shell, and axially continuous graphene embedded between them. The experiments on 10–80 µm diameter NiGCu wires demonstrate substantial enhancements in electrical properties and thermal stability across a variety of metrics. For instance, the smallest NiGCu wires have a 61.2% higher current density limit, 307.6% higher conductivity, and an order of magnitude smaller change in resistivity compared to conventional Ni‐coated Cu counterparts after annealing at 650 °C. By performing both innovative experiments and simulations using different sizes of NiGCu wires, the diffusion coefficients of metals are quantified, for the first time to the best knowledge, through continuous graphene. These results indicate that the dramatic improvement in thermo‐electrical properties is enabled by the embedded graphene layer which reduces NiCu interdiffusion by ≈10 4 times at 550 °C and 650 °C.
Nickel-Graphene-Copper Composite Wire In article number 2214220, Wonmo Kang, and co-workers develop a highly conductive and thermally stable nickel-graphene-copper (NiGCu) wire that combines the advantages of graphene and its metallic components. Using 10 μm-diameter NiGCu wires, demonstrating 307.6% higher electrical conductivity and 61.2% higher current density limit, compared to the conventional NiCu approach, after thermal annealing at 650 °C.
Cavitation bubbles form in soft biological systems when subjected to a negative pressure above a critical threshold, and dynamically change their size and shape in a violent manner. The critical threshold and dynamic response of these bubbles are known to be sensitive to the mechanical characteristics of highly compliant biological systems. Several recent studies have demonstrated different biological implications of cavitation events in biological systems, from therapeutic drug delivery and microsurgery to blunt injury mechanisms. Due to the rapidly increasing relevance of cavitation in biological and biomedical communities, it is necessary to review the current state-of-the-art theoretical framework, experimental techniques, and research trends with an emphasis on cavitation behavior in biologically relevant systems (e.g., tissue simulant and organs). In this review, we first introduce several theoretical models that predict bubble response in different types of biological systems and discuss the use of each model with physical interpretations. Then, we review the experimental techniques that allow the characterization of cavitation in biologically relevant systems with in-depth discussions of their unique advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we highlight key biological studies and findings, through the direct use of live cells or organs, for each experimental approach.
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