TV talk show,as a particular style of dialogue,is compared with an ordinary discourse,the form of topic markers of which has both similarities and differences.The paper explores the class and law of topic markers in TV talk show,by means of the tapescript of TV talk show,and suggests that topic markers include both lexcical and vocal forms,and that Chinese does not develop the true topic marker.
Objective To provide scientific evidence to identify and confirm severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by laboratory detection.Methods Multiple clinical specimens were collected serially and systematically from the 4 suspected SARS patients, which occurred between Dec.2003 to Jan.2004 in Guangdong Province. The samples were tested by serologic and molecular methods.Results IgM or IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV were detectable after 6—8 days of the onset in four patients. The four-fold or greater rising in antibodies was clearly detected in three of the four patients, while the fourth patient’s seroconversion was from negative to positive. The results analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA), immunoflourescence assay (IFA), and neutralization test were highly correlated. SARS-CoV RNA was just detected in 3 throat swab specimens from case 1 by real-time PCR. M, N and S genes were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the positive samples. Sequencing results showed that they were SARS-CoV gene segments, and most closely matched SARS-CoV gene sequences were isolated from civet cats in Guangdong Province. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV was not isolated from any samples of the 4 patients.Conclusion Based on these results, the 4 reported cases were laboratorily confirmed as SARS cases.
In this paper,the author points out that the theory in state owned capital(SOC) regulation takes a doctrine of continental law system's Rem right.In the transaction or privatization of State owned enterprise(SOE),the legislator wants to find an effective way to determinate the objective value of assets or enterprise.The state treat the SOC as it's private property instead of public interest.The transaction model also turns a long—term cooperative mechanism into a once-off trade.Under this legislative model,opportunism behavior,fraud conveyance,tunneling and siphoning is eroding the state owned capital.The author also criticizes the legislative regime turn the public property into the state's private property,the social efficiency but the national interest should be the aim of privatization,which means the law should not taking too much attention to the present value,but the social effects.
Objective To evaluate the feasibility and value of mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) in clinical neurology practice.Methods Ninety-four interns were randomly divided into observation group and control group,students in control group were teached and managed in accordance with existing management while those in observation group were evaluated by teachers after the 1 st,2nd and 3rd week.At the end of clinical practice,all the students( including students in control group and observation group)were cross assessed by teachers based on the methods mentioned above.Results The time to complete the assessment was about 25 - 40 min.The scores of nervous system examination at the end of the training were significant different between observation group and control group and the scores of diagnosis and treatment on the basis of examination were also significant different between observation group and control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The Mini-CEX assessment and feedback to promote teaching effect is feasible in the practice process of neurology,it can make up for the deficiency of current examination.
Key words:
Mini-clinical evaluation exercise; Neurology; Clinical practice
Propose a mobile browser acceleration engine,designed to better promote the digital content in the mobile terminal services. Through the pretreatment of web sites,as well as the page filter to the invalid data,effective data compression,and hybrid transport protocol,to improve the user's browsing experience,and reduce server costs,while the engine regulates access to the system efficiency through the feedback mechanism in order to make optimal system performance.
Objective To discuss the improved method of implantable infusion port puncture fixing technique.Methods A total of 87 cases requiring implantable infusion port puncture maintenance patients were randomly divided into two groups,49 cases in experimental group used the improved four fingers to the fixed method of puncture,38 cases in the control group used the traditional three fingers to fixed puncture.The one-time success rate of puncture in two groups was evaluated.Results One-time success rate of puncture in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group.Conclusions The success rate of four fingers fixed puncture was significantly higher than that of three fingers fixing method.Four fingers fixation method is worth to popularize in the clinical application.
Key words:
Implantable infusion port; Puncture ; Technique
This paper advances several deep treatment procedures and reuse way of urban wastewater;and it explores the meaning of wastewater when as a water resource.
Object Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). The globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are commonly targeted by this procedure. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of DBS in each region. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library were searched for English-language studies published before April 2013. Results of studies investigating the efficacy and clinical outcomes of DBS of the GPi and STN for PD were analyzed. Results Six eligible trials containing a total of 563 patients were included in the analysis. Deep brain stimulation of the GPi or STN equally improved motor function, measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Section III (UPDRSIII) (motor section, for patients in on- and off-medication phases), within 1 year postsurgery. The change score for the on-medication phase was 0.68 (95% CI – 2.12 to 3.47, p > 0.05; 5 studies, 518 patients) and for the off-medication phase was 1.83 (95% CI – 3.12 to 6.77, p > 0.05; 5 studies, 518 patients). The UPDRS Section II (activities of daily living) scores for patients on medication improved equally in both DBS groups (p = 0.97). STN DBS allowed medication dosages to be reduced more than GPi DBS (95% CI 129.27–316.64, p < 0.00001; 5 studies, 540 patients). Psychiatric symptoms, measured by Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd edition scores, showed greater improvement from baseline after GPi DBS than after STN DBS (standardized mean difference −2.28, 95% CI −3.73 to −0.84, p = 0.002; 3 studies, 382 patients). Conclusions GPi and STN DBS improve motor function and activities of daily living for PD patients. Differences in therapeutic efficacy for PD were not observed between the 2 procedures. STN DBS allowed greater reduction in medication for patients, whereas GPi DBS provided greater relief from psychiatric symptoms. An understanding of other symptomatic aspects of targeting each region and long-term observations on therapeutic effects are needed.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and analyze its role in gray matter changes, white matter (WM) microstructure and network alterations in PD. This is a cross-sectional study including 341 PD patients. Prevalence of VBD in these PD patients was compared with general population. Diffusion tensor imaging and T1-weighted imaging analysis were performed among 174 PD patients with or without VBD. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was used to estimate gray matter volume changes. Tract-based spatial statistics and region of interest-based analysis were used to evaluate WM microstructure changes. WM network analysis was also performed. Significantly higher prevalence of VBD in PD patients was identified compared with general population. Lower fractional anisotropy and higher diffusivity, without significant gray matter involvement, were found in PD patients with VBD in widespread areas. Decreased global and local efficiency, increased hierarchy, decreased degree centrality at left Rolandic operculum, increased betweenness centrality at left postcentral gyrus and decreased average connectivity strength between and within several modules were identified in PD patients with VBD. VBD is more prevalent in PD patients than general population. Widespread impairments in WM microstructure and WM network involving various motor and nonmotor PD symptom–related areas are more prominent in PD patients with VBD compared with PD patients without VBD.
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