An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Butyrate-producing bacteria (BPB) benefit the health of aquatic animals. This current study aimed to isolate BPB from the intestines of Nibea coibor and assess their probiotic potential. The results showed that nine isolates were obtained in vitro from the gut of N. coibor, including six Clostridium butyricum, two Proteocatella sphenisci, and one Fusobacterium varium. The representative bacteria, C. butyricum CG-3 and P. sphenisci DG-1, which produce high butyrate levels, were further studied for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and antibiotic susceptibility. The effects of BPB singly (CB: basal diet + CG-3 and PS: basal diet + DG-1, at 107 CFU/g) or in combination with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) (0.5%) and inulin (0.5%) (CBIG) or D-sorbitol (0.5%) (PSGS) on the growth and health status of N. coibor were investigated. Results showed an increase in growth parameters in the CB, CBIG, and PSGS groups, except for the PS group. Alterations in intestinal microbiota (including diversity, abundance, and function) were observed in four experimental groups (CB, CBIG, PS, and PSGS groups). SCFA contents increased in treated groups; butyrate production was positively related to bacterial abundance. Compared to control, levels of complement C3, complement C4, immunoglobulin M (IgM), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, and lysozyme (LZM) increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in treated groups. Contents of IL-6 (PS and PSGS groups), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (CB, PS, and PSGS groups), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (CB and PS groups), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (PS group), catalase (CAT) (CB and PSGS groups), and activities of amylase (PS and PSGS groups), trypsin (CB group), and lipase (CBIG group) were increased. Our results suggested the potential use of C. butyricum CG-1 or P. sphenisci DG-1 singly or in combination with prebiotics improved growth and health conditions in N. coibor.
There are several analogues of the sweet protein mabinlin. In previous studies, we purified the heat-stable analogue, mabinlin II, from the seeds of Capparis masaikai Lévl. and determined its amino acid sequence [Liu, X., Maeda, S., Hu, Z., Aiuchi, T., Nakaya, K. & Kurihara, Y. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 211, 281-287] and the disulfide structure [Nirasawa, S., Liu, X., Nishino, T. & Kurihara, Y. (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1202, 277-280]. We have now purified four additional homologues of mabinlin. The sweet activities of mabinlin III and mabinlin IV were unchanged by incubation for 1 h at 80 degrees C, as was found previously for mabinlin II, while the sweet activity of mabinlin I-1 was completely abolished by a 1-h incubation at 80 degrees C. The circular dichroic spectrum showed that alpha-helical structures of mabinlins II-IV were unchanged by the 1-h incubation at 80 degrees C, while the alpha-helical structures of mabinlin I-1 were completely destroyed by the 1-h incubation in parallel with the decrease of the sweet activity. To compare the structures of the heat-stable and unstable homologues, we determined their amino acid sequences and the disulfide array. The positions of four disulfide bridges of mabinlin I-1 were the same as those of mabinlin II, suggesting that the disulfide bridges do not contribute to the difference in the heat stability among the homologues. There was a high similarity among amino acid sequences of the homologoues. Only three amino acid residues (A-chain residues at positions 22 and 32 and B-chain residue at position 47) were different between mabinlin I-1 and mabinlin III. A-chain residue at position 32 was lacking in mabinlin IV and the A-chain residue at position 22 was identical in both mabinlin I-1 and mabinlin II. The B-chain residue at position 47 was the only residue present in all three heat-stable homologues (mabinlins II-IV) and is not present in the unstable homologue (mabinlin I-1). This suggests that the difference in the heat stability of mabinlin is due to the difference in a B-chain residue at position 47; the difference in the heat-stable homologues is due to the presence of an arginine residue and the difference of the unstable homologue is due to the presence of glutamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Diseases outbreaks in pond aquaculture have resulted in huge losses to the aquaculture industry. The emergence of non-antimicrobial and environment friendly agents (probiotics) is the potential consideration for the healthy shrimp aquaculture. The present study was aimed to compare the bacterial community compositions in shrimp ponds and surrounding seawater, as well as isolate probiotic bacteria from the shrimp ponds. Based on the high-throughput of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all sequences were assigned to 3584 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity levels, which were affiliated with 24 phyla, 54 classes, 235 families, and 367 genera. The 10 most abundant phyla were Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Desulfobacterota, Patescibacteria and Verrucomicrobiota. Notably, the alpha diversity (Shannon diversity) of shrimp ponds was significantly differences (P < 0.05) with that of surrounding seawater. There were 2498 and 791 unique OTUs in shrimp ponds and surrounding seawater, respectively. A total of 15 isolates were obtained in the culturable bacterial diversity, and the antibacterial activities were recorded for potential probiotic bacterial isolates against different tested bacterial isolates including pathogenic bacteria. An isolate Hallobacillus marinus HMALI004 showed strong inhibitory effects against three pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio cholerae CECT 514, non AHPND V. parahaemolyticus BCRC12959 and AHPND V. parahaemolyticus PD-2. The isolates Algophigus sanaruensis AGALI005, Algoriphagus taiwanensis ATALI009 and Bacillus aequororis BAALI008 were also identified as potential probiotics strains.
Delivery systems that provide time and space control have a good application prospect in tissue regeneration applications, as they can effectively improve the process of wound healing and tissue repair. In our experiments, we constructed a novel micro-RNA delivery system by linking framework nucleic acid nanomaterials to micro-RNAs to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.To verify the successful preparation of tFNAs-miR-26a, the size of tFNAs-miR-26a were observed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering techniques. The expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins was investigated by confocal microscope, PCR and western blot to detect the impact of tFNAs-miR-26a on ADSCs. And finally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins and genes were detected by confocal microscope, PCR and western blot to study the relevant mechanism.By adding this novel complex, the osteogenic differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was significantly improved, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on the surface of the cell membrane and the formation of calcium nodules in mesenchymal stem cells were significantly increased on days 7 and 14 of induction of osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Gene and protein expression levels of ALP (an early marker associated with osteogenic differentiation), RUNX2 (a metaphase marker), and OPN (a late marker) were significantly increased. We also studied the relevant mechanism of action and found that the novel nucleic acid complex promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.This study may provide a new research direction for the application of novel nucleic acid nanomaterials in bone tissue regeneration.
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