Energy companies maintain numerous subsurface applications with local data stores. This can lead to upstream workflow inefficiency, data silos, and unnecessary cost. As the E&P industry continues its digital transformation journey, step-change technologies are needed to improve workflows efficiency and reduce costs, particularly when migrating IT infrastructure to the cloud where data interoperability becomes a critical consideration. The purpose of this study is to test an alternative, cloud enabled technology that facilitates the access and management of subsurface data by petro-technical software, enabling a data- centric approach. By embedding an adaptive streaming technology into a semi-automated interpretation platform, data can seamlessly be accessed from a shared, cloud-based standard data repository. This innovative approach avoids the need for traditional time-consuming import and internal conversion steps. And using a standard seismic data format, data management and geoscientist teams can dramatically decrease the physical size of their projects and reduce data duplication. This technology improves upstream workflow efficiency and has a direct cost reduction impact for the benefit of operating companies and the E&P industry.
The current food system is greatly threatened by various factors. Food scarcity has become an increasingly difficult but urgent problem to be handled with. To make some contributions to solve such food problems, we constructed a metric model to identify the ability of each country to manage the pressure of food demand, and offered solutions to some regions. In this paper, we develop a metric, named Total Scarcity Metric (TSM), to measure food scarcity for each country, and help Japan and Bangladesh to handle its serious food situation. In our TSM model, we divide food scarcity into two parts: social-determined food scarcity and economic food scarcity. We develop corresponding metrics by different approaches. Then, we make a research on how and why food is scarce in Japan and Bangladesh and forecast the future situation. Based on that, we design a plan for Japan and Bangladesh and predict its performance.
A fractal model of the martensitic transformation (MT) in a Fe - 29% Ni - 0.16% C alloy is proposed on the basis of metallographic observations. It is an uneven fractal that can better describe the microstructure observed in the experiments. The uneven fractal can be produced by an iterated function system (IFS). The IFS code, consisting of two affine maps, is given to calculate the fractal dimension. Finally, we also propose a partition process to simulate the dynamic process of the MT.
Excessive accumulation of nitrate in the environment will affect human health. To combat nitrate pollution, chemical, biological, and physical technologies have been developed recently. The researcher favors electrocatalytic reduction nitrate reaction (NO3 RR) because of the low post-treatment cost and simple treatment conditions. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer great activity, exceptional selectivity, and enhanced stability in the field of NO3 RR because of their high atomic usage and distinctive structural characteristics. Recently, efficient transition metal-based SACs (TM-SACs) have emerged as promising candidates for NO3 RR. However, the real active sites of TM-SACs applied to NO3 RR and the key factors controlling catalytic performance in the reaction process remain ambiguous. Further understanding of the catalytic mechanism of TM-SACs applied to NO3 RR is of practical significance for exploring the design of stable and efficient SACs. In this review, from experimental and theoretical studies, the reaction mechanism, rate-determining steps, and essential variables affecting activity and selectivity are examined. The performance of SACs in terms of NO3 RR, characterization, and synthesis is then discussed. In order to promote and comprehend NO3 RR on TM-SACs, the design of TM-SACs is finally highlighted, together with the current problems, their remedies, and the way forward.
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