Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) and apocrine hidrocystoma (AH) are benign apocrine neoplasms that usually occur separately. SCAP arises predominantly in head and neck, while AH typically develop in periorbital area. We report a case of a 68-year-old male with an asymptomatic erythematous papulonodule that occurred on his back 3 years ago. Histologic examination showed cystic invagination extending from the epidermis into the dermis with some papillary projections. The invaginated portion was lined by epithelial bilayer composed of cuboidal and columnar cells, and decapitation secretion was observed in the inner epithelial layer. In the deep dermis, multiple cystic spaces with variable sizes were observed, and these cysts also presented double layers of the epithelium and decapitation secretion. According to such histologic features, the coexistence of SCAP and AH within a single lesion was demonstrated. The patient was recommended to completely remove the remaining lesion after punch biopsy, but he refused further surgical management. Herein, we report an unusual case of complex apocrine tumor with a rare composition in an atypical site.
ADAM33 has been identified as a novel asthma susceptibility gene in genomewide screening and association studies. High-level expression in smooth muscles and fibroblasts suggests that ADAM33 plays a role in airway remodeling in patients with asthma.The ADAM33 protein was identified in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of patients with asthma and normal control subjects using Western blotting antibody against the catalytic domain. ADAM33 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining of mucosal biopsy specimens. The levels of ADAM33 protein in the BAL fluids were measured by dot blotting, and were correlated with the FEV1 values of the patients with asthma.Western blot analysis revealed the presence of the ADAM33 protein, with a molecular mass of approximately 55 kD in the BAL fluids. ADAM33 was expressed in the smooth muscles and basement membranes of almost all the patients with asthma, but was absent in the normal control subjects. The ADAM33 levels were increased significantly in patients with moderate to severe asthma and in patients with mild asthma, as compared with normal control subjects (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). The ADAM33 protein levels correlated inversely with the FEV(1)% predicted in the patients with asthma (r = -0.486, p = 0.018).ADAM33 is associated with asthma development, and the levels of ADAM protein are related to asthma severity.
The characteristics of low-frequency (LF) and microwave-powered plasmas were investigated. The optical emission of these two plasmas indicated that more chemicals were generated by microwave plasma than by LF plasma with the intensities being higher by factors of about 9, 3, 5, and 1.6 for OH (309 nm), O (777 nm), NO (247 nm), and Ca 2+ (290 nm), respectively. Application experiments were also conducted. A steel plate became hydrophilic after 45 s of microwave plasma treatment. This is more than ten times faster than in the case of LF plasma treatment, an action related to the generation of reactive species (e.g., OH, O, and NO) as measured by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Ca 2+ generation was verified by blood coagulation experiment. Microwave-plasma-induced coagulation was twice faster than LF-plasma-induced coagulation. Simulation results that explain the chemical generation in microwave plasma were also included. High-energy electrons were considered a major factor for microwave plasma characteristics.
Background : The significant improvement in the treatment of adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been achieved in recent years. However, many patients still fail to achieve a complete remission and long term survival because of either toxic death during aplasia periods of induction chemotherapy or resistance to induction chemotherapy. The P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with Multidrug Resisitance (MDR) gene is the best characterized mechanism of resistance to induction chemotherapy. In this study, the authors effort to examine the functional activity of Pgp using the rhodamine 123 functional efflux assay and discuss for the predictive value of MDR functional assay for treatment outcomes of AML. Methods : Between January 1996 and June 2003, 45 patients with AML were enrolled in this study. For evaluation of functional MDR activity using the rhodamine123 functional efflux assay, mononuclear cells isolated from bone marrow aspirates of 45 patients were used. All patients were received induction chemotherapy and consolidation therapy with high dose chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. Results : Among the 45 AML patients, 30 (66.7%) patients showed positive functional MDR activity and 15 (33.3%) patients negative functional MDR activity. Complete remission rate was lower in the group with positive functional MDR activity than negative, but no statistical significance was observed (P=0.453). Survival time in both groups was investigated. Leukemia free survival was 40.9 months in negative group and 18.7 months in positive group (P=0.336). Overall survival was 48.5 months and 26.6 months respectively (P=0.513). Conclusion : The functional MDR activity using the rhodamine123 functional efflux assay does not significantly affect induction rate and survival rate of AML patients.
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