Ischnura senegalensis, which widely spreads in paddy fields, has the potential to be used as a natural predator of insect pests. However, the application of insecticides in the field could pose a threat to the survival of I. senegalensis. Among these pesticides, indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide, is renowned for its broad-spectrum efficacy against numerous insect pests. In this study, we examined the toxicity of indoxacarb towards the larvae of I. senegalensis. Behavioral experiments and transcriptome analyses were conducted under indoxacarb treatments. Results revealed that indoxacarb induced abnormal body gestures and significant locomotory impairments, which could ultimately reduce the survival rate of the larvae in their natural habitat. Moreover, transcriptome analyses indicated that genes related to muscle function were significantly affected. Interestingly, at lower concentrations of indoxacarb (0.004 mg/L), the larvae seem to detoxify the indoxacarb with the aid of the cytochrome P450 gene. However, under higher concentrations (0.4 mg/L), the sensory abilities of the larvae were significantly diminished, and they were unable to degrade the toxicity of indoxacarb. Our study underscores the importance of carefully evaluating the impact of insecticides on non-target predatory insects before their widespread application.
The late Paleozoic Boluokenu island arc belt, located on the northern margin of Western Tianshan, Xinjiang, hosts a series of epithermal Au, hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn and porphyry-skarn Fe-Cu polymetallic deposits and is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. The Kuokuqueke skarn deposit is located in the middle of the Boluokenu metallogenic belt. Skarn and Fe-Cu orebodies crop out along the contact between the lower Silurian Nilekehe Formation and the Kenaxia-Kekeqiaoke granitic intrusions. Based on field investigations and petrographic observations, four main paragenetic stages of skarn formation and ore deposition are identified: the prograde skarn stage (I), retrograde skarn stage (II), quartz-sulfide stage (III), and quartz-calcite stage (IV). Ore minerals mainly consist of magnetite and hematite, with lesser amounts of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in garnet, epidote, quartz, and calcite at different stages, i.e., bi-phase (liquid and vapor) aqueous inclusions (L-dominated homogenized to liquid phase and V-dominated homogenized to vapor phase), tri-phase (liquid, vapor and solid) aqueous inclusions (S-bearing) and liquid-only aqueous inclusions. From the early to late stages, ore-forming fluids show an evolutionary trend from high temperature and medium–high salinity to low temperature and low salinity. The fluid inclusions were trapped at pressures of 400∼600 bars and 100∼300 bars for the prograde and retrograde skarn stage, respectively, corresponding to depths of 1.6∼2.4 km (under lithostatic conditions) and 1∼2 km (under hydrostatic conditions), respectively. The δ34S values of sulfides range from −5.2 to 0.5‰, indicating a magmatic origin of the sulfur in ore-forming fluids. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb values of the sulfides vary from 17.893 to 18.242, 15.550 to 15.591 and 37.996 to 38.175, respectively, indicating that lead was derived from a mixed crust-mantle source of subduction; the δ13CV-PDB values and δ18OV-SMOW values of calcite range from −0.6 to 2.4 and 8.1 to 13.3, respectively, indicating that carbon in fluids was mainly sourced from the mixture of ore-related granite and host carbonate rocks. Comprehensive studies indicate that the Kuokuqueke deposit is a typical skarn deposit, in which fluid boiling occurred locally in the pre-ore stage (I) and boiling in the main ore stage (II∼III) was the main cause of ore mineral deposition, while meteoric water may have been involved in the post-ore stage (IV).
From the view of sustainable development, women’s football game has undergone a solid process. It is first known by only a few people and then listed as an indispensable sport in international games, just like the development of feminist movement.
Ischnura senegalensis Rambur, 1842 is among the most widespread damselfly species in the world. Unlike dragonflies with strong migration abilities, I. senegalensis have limited dispersing abilities. Gene flow among I. senegalensis populations may be greatly influenced by anthropogenic disturbance, fragmented suitable habitats, sea straits, or even global warming. In this study, to investigate the genetic diversity of I. senegalensis populations, we sequenced and collected 498 cytochrome oxidase I sequences across the Old World. Haplotype network analysis showed 51 haplotypes and I. senegalensis could be grouped into four regions (Afrotropical region, Oriental region, main Islands of Japan, and the Ryukyu Islands), each of which contains different dominant haplotypes. Based on molecular variance analysis, we found that populations from the Afrotropical region have quite a low gene flow with the Asian populations (except Yemen). Furthermore, rice cultivation may aid the dispersion of I. senegalensis in the oriental region. Populations from the Ryukyu Islands show the highest genetic diversity, which may be due to the geological separation among islands. Our results prove that I. senegalensis has great genetic diversity among different populations across the world.
The Xiyi Pb‐Zn deposit, located in the Baoshan Block of the Sanjiang region in western Yunnan, China, contains 1.2 Mt of Pb‐Zn resources. The orebodies are hosted by Devonian‐Carboniferous limestone, structurally controlled by the NE‐trending fractures, and occur in stratiform, vein, and lenticular forms. The mineral assemblage of the ores includes sphalerite, galena, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and marcasite. Calcite, barite, and quartz occur as gangue minerals. Three stages of hydrothermal mineralization are recognized based on the ore textures, crosscutting relationship, and mineral assemblages: an early stage of sphalerite + galena + calcite (Stage 1), a middle stage of galena + arsenopyrite + calcite ± sphalerite (Stage 2), and a late stage of calcite + pyrite ± barite ± quartz (Stage 3). Two types of fluid inclusions are associated with the different ore‐forming hydrothermal stages: aqueous inclusions and hydrocarbon‐H 2 O inclusions. The ore‐forming fluids were characterized by low temperatures (100 ~ 200 °C), medium salinities (8 ~ 20 wt% NaCl eq ), and medium densities (1.0 ~ 1.1 g/cm 3 ) and contained minor amounts of CH 4 . The δD H2O and calculated δ 18 O H2O values of the Stage 1 calcite range from −89‰ to −103‰ and from 1.5‰ to 5.5‰, respectively, indicating that the H 2 O in the hydrothermal fluids was derived from seawater that had reacted with organic matter. The δ 13 C PDB and δ 18 O SMOW values of the calcite associated with Stages 1 and 3 range from −5.2‰ to 3.2‰ and from 12.5‰ to 20.0‰, respectively. These data plot in the field between marine carbonate and granites and are close to the marine carbonate field, suggesting that the CO 2 in the ore‐forming fluids was derived from the dissolution of marine carbonate in the sedimentary rocks. The galena, sphalerite, and pyrite in Stages 1 and 3 have a narrow range of δ 34 S values (0–3‰), which is lower than the δ 34 S values of early Carboniferous to Middle‐Late Devonian seawater sulfate (+18‰ to +23‰). Therefore, because the mineralization is unrelated to magmatic activity, the sulfur in the hydrothermal sulfides was derived from regional marine sulfates primarily via organic reduction at temperatures of 100 to 200 °C. The lead isotopic compositions in the galena, sphalerite, and pyrite in Stages 1 and 3 are very similar to those in the diagenetic pyrite in the host rocks, plotting in the field of the upper crust Pb evolution curve. Thus, the lead source was likely the Carboniferous and Devonian strata. The geologic, fluid inclusion, and isotopic (C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb) evidence in this study suggests that the Xiyi Pb‐Zn deposit is a Mississippi Valley‐type deposit.
Tax accounting is a new arising interdispline which is not only related to the traditional financial accounting but also different from it.Influenced by it,tax accounting has its own characteristics,but it is obviously different from financial accounting in principle,checking.It has a short history in China and there are some problems which need perfecting in practice.
The Zimudang gold deposit is a typical example of micro-disseminated(Carlin-type) gold deposits in Southwest Guizhou Province,China.The petrographic observation and microthermometric study were carried out on the fluid inclusions from main stage (Ⅱ) quartz and calcite as well as late stage (Ⅲ) calcite from the deposit.Major types of fluid inclusions include aqueous inclusions,pure CO2 inclusions,CO2-H2O inclusions,CH4 inclusions,and CH4-H2O inclusions.The pure CO2 inclusions and CO2-H2O inclusions were only recognized in the main stage (Ⅱ) quartz.The homogenization temperatures,salinities and densities of the main stage (Ⅱ) range 180–220 ℃,0.35%–7.45% of NaCl,and 0.745-0.969 g/cm3,respectively,while those of the late stage (Ⅲ) vary in the ranges of 100–180℃,0.18%–5.71% NaCl,and 0.868-0.993 g/cm3,respectively.The ore-forming fluids were characterized by a H2O-NaCl-CO2 system with medium to low temperature,low salinity,and medium density.The fluid inclusiondata indicate that the gold mineralization was a process of decrease in temperature and salinity and slight increase in density of the ore-forming fluids.Immiscibility of the H2O-NaCl-CO2 fluid system occurred during the main mineralization stage (Ⅱ),resulting precipitation of Au and formation of the ore deposit.The CO2-and CH4-bearing fluid played an important role in the formation of the deposit.
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