The study of long-term changes to urban green space reveals the reasons for changes in the spatial pattern of urban green space and predicts the future development trends, which is of great importance for urban green space protection and integrated urban development. This study used Markov Chain and PLUS models to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of changes to green space in urban and rural areas in Jinan City during recent rapid urbanization and the driving forces behind them. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the decrease in urban green space in Jinan City slowed down gradually, and that elevation and population density were the primary factors influencing changes in urban green space. In the simulation projections, the ecologically protected development scenario had a relatively low rate of site change and was more protective of arable land and green space. Ecological conservation development was predicted to result in a decrease in unused urban land and to reflect the advantages of intensive land use. The findings will provide decision-makers with ideas related to the sustainable development of urban green space.
A simple and effective way to get electron concentration and mobility accurately is significant for the electronic and photoelectric applications of porous ZnO nanocrystalline film. On the basis of the defect ionization and the electron scattering, we proposed here a new temperature-programmed-dependent conductivity-based synchronous derivation method (TPDCBSD) to evaluate electron concentration and mobility of porous ZnO nanocrystalline film independently. The obtained results were consistent with others. Compared with the commonly used Hall-effect measurements, the TPDCBSD method is much more simple, has lower noise, and is convenient to couple external fields. More importantly, the extracted electron concentration and electron mobility are relatively independent. Besides, a series of physical parameters related to the effects of temperature and oxygen partial pressure were obtained, and the coupling effect of temperature and oxygen was discussed in this work, which are inspiring for the applications of porous ZnO nanocrystalline film.
Myostatin, a negative modulator of muscle growth, has been considered as a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In previous work, it was found that myostatin inhibition by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery of myostatin propeptide (MPRO) could improve muscle mass and achieve therapeutic effects on glucose regulation and lipid metabolism in db/db mice. This study investigated whether pre-intervention of rAAV-mediated expression of MPRO could lower the incidence of T2D. Three-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into saline control, rAAV-GFP, and rAAV-MPRO groups, all of which were fed on a high-fat diet. It was observed that pre-intervention of rAAV-MPRO prevented high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. It also improved glucose tolerance, downregulated serum insulin levels, and facilitated the growth of skeletal muscle and fat redistribution, with no significant difference in serum free fatty acid levels and body weight, which ultimately reduced the incidence of T2D. In addition, pretreatment of rAAV-MPRO in C2C12 cells increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as glycogen synthesis under insulin resistance conditions induced by free fatty acids, with no significant difference in insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation. Finally, the study demonstrated that improved glucose metabolism by rAAV-MPRO pretreatment might be due to the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway and spurring Glut4 transposition from the cytoplasm to the cytomembrane in C2C12 cells. Based on these findings, MPRO is most likely to be a new method for the prevention of T2D.
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