Abstract Egg yolk lipids significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome, reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis, and increasing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations. However, the role of gut microbiota and the relationship between SCFAs and NLRP3 inflammasome are still unknown. Here, this study confirms that antibiotic treatment abolishes the protective effect of egg yolk lipids on DSS‐induced colonic inflammation, intestinal barrier damage, and lipopolysaccharide translocation. Fecal microbiota transplantation also supports that egg yolk lipids alleviate colitis in a gut microbiota‐dependent manner. Then, the study investigates the relationship between SCFAs and NLRP3 inflammasome, and finds that SCFAs significantly suppress colitis via inhibiting colonic NLRP3 inflammasome activation and proinflammatory cytokines secretions (interleukin, IL)‐1β and IL‐18, and combined treatment of SCFAs and MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) shows a better activity against colitis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, these findings provide positive evidence for gut microbiorta‐SCFAs‐NLRP3 axis as a novel target involving in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
Abstract Background: The European grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the world’s most widely cultivated and economically important fruit crops. Seedless fruits are particularly desired for table grapes, with seedlessness resulting from stenospermocarpy being an important goal for cultivar improvement. The establishment of an RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) system for grape berries and ovules is therefore important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of ovule abortion in stenospermocarpic seedless cultivars. Results: We improved RNA in situ hybridisation procedures for developing berries and ovules targeting two transcription factor genes, VvHB63 and VvTAU , using two seeded varieties, 'Red Globe' and 'Pinot Noir', and two seedless cultivars, 'Flame Seedless' and 'Thompson Seedless'. Optimisation focused on the time of proteinase K treatment, probe length, probe concentration, hybridisation temperature and post-hybridisation washing conditions. The objectives were to maximise hybridisation signal and minimise background interference, while still preserving tissue integrity. Conclusion: For the target genes and samples tested, the best results were obtained with a pre-hybridisation proteinase K treatment of 30 min, probe length of 150 bp and concentration of 100 ng/mL, hybridisation temperature of 50°C, three washes with 0.2× saline sodium citrate (SSC) solution and blocking with 1% blocking reagent for 45 min during the subsequent hybridisation. The improved ISH system was used to study the spatiotemporal expression patterns of genes related to ovule development at microscopic level.
To clarify the mechanism of lower temperatures promoted the solidification of preserved egg yolks, the effects of temperature (4 ℃, 10 ℃ and 25 ℃) on the physicochemical properties, microstructure and protein structure of preserved egg yolk were studied. Results showed that the exterior egg yolk (EEY) exhibited higher pH, hardness and free sulfhydryl content at low-temperature pickling. The microstructure showed that the EEY gradually formed a denser gel network structure at lower temperatures. Electrophoresis results and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that there were different degrees of protein degradation and cross-linking of proteins in the IEY and EEY and the decrease of β-sheets in the secondary structure was accompanied by an increase of β-turns during the formation of egg yolk gels. These results indicated that egg yolk solidification was faster and denser gel structure at 4 ℃ and 10 ℃.
Under the water stress, the physiological metabolism process changed a lot. In this paper, some physiological traits were analyzed, which has been closely related to rice yield. Some rice backcross lines with drought resistance were discussed, and the effect of water stress after anthesis on rice yield was studied under the artificial control condition. The result indicated the content of malondiadehyde (MDA) of rice flag leaf increased obviously, the activity of superoxide dismatase (SOD) of rice flag leaf activity weakened; the various traits of the rice variety with strong drought resistance reduced slightly compared to control and with high yield, while of the rice variety with weak drought resistance reduced significantly compared to control and with low yield.
Study on anatomical structure of leaf of Abelmoschus manihot(Linn.) Medicus was done with the paraffin section method.The results showed that there was a close relationship between anatomical structures of leaf of Abelmoschus manihot(Linn.)Medicus and its drought resistance,and it was also fit for the droughty circumstances contrasting to Abutilon theophrasti Medicus and Althaea rosea(Linn.) Cavan.
Soil salinity and associated land degradation are major ecological problems. Excess Na+ ions in soil impede the plant photosynthetic process and Na+ homeostasis status. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate salt stress in host plants. Although a number of studies have demonstrated that Na+ accumulation is decreased by mycorrhizae, the molecular mechanisms involved have received little attention from researchers. Populus euphratica is a typical natural woody tree with excellent salt tolerance. Due to its symbiosis forming capability with AMF, we explored the influence of Funneliformis mosseae on the growth, photosynthesis, and expression of three genes involved in Na+ homeostasis within dioecious P. euphratica under salt stress. The results indicated that salt stress significantly increases Na+ contents and inhibits growth status and photosynthetic capacity, especially in females. However, AMF had positive effects on the growth status, photosynthetic capacity and Na+ homeostasis, especially in males. The expression levels of NHX1 in shoots and HKT1 and SOS1 in roots, all of which are involved in Na+ homeostasis, were upregulated by F. mosseae under salt stress. For males, the beneficial effect of AMF centered on extruding, sequestering and long-distance transporting of Na+ ions . For females, the beneficial effect of AMF centered on extruding excessive Na+.
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