False indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L., A. fruticosa) is the preferred tree indigenous for windbreak and sand control in Northwest China, while information on nutritional and bioactive characteristics of its honey is rare. Herein, 12 honey of Amorpha fruticosa L. (AFH) were sampled in Northwest China and the nutritional composition was determined. Sixteen mineral element and ten dominant polyphenols content were identified and quantified by ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and HPLC-QTOF-MS (High performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry), respectively. Moreover, AFH demonstrated high levels of DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (IC50 100.41 ± 15.35 mg/mL), ferric reducing antioxidant power (2.04 ± 0.29 µmol FeSO4·7H2O/g), and ferrous ion-chelating activity (82.56 ± 16.01 mg Na2EDTA/kg), which were significantly associated with total phenolic contents (270.07 ± 27.15 mg GA/kg) and ascorbic acid contents (213.69 ± 27.87 mg/kg). The cell model verified that AFH exhibited dose-dependent preventive effects on pBR322 plasmid DNA and mouse lymphocyte DNA damage in response to oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for the future application of AFH as a potential antioxidant dietary in food industry.
The Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone (BNSZ) is one of the main suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau and indicates the existence of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo‐Tethys Ocean (BNO). It was formed by the collision between the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks after the closure of the BNO. However, its evolutionary processes and subduction polarity remain controversial. Research on the BNSZ is of great significance for exploring plate tectonic evolution and ocean–continent connection. The scarcity of the BNSZ structural data is one of the most important reasons for the debate of the BNO tectonic evolution. Based on structural analysis in the field and combined with previous petrology and palaeomagnetic data, this paper has determined that the closure time of the BNO is progressive and scissor‐like, from Middle Jurassic in the east to Early Cretaceous in the middle and late Early Cretaceous to early Late Cretaceous in the west. There was a three‐stage deformation in the BNSZ: (a) N–S‐directed compression induced by the initial collision; (b) WNW–directed transpression related to the stress adjustment; and (c) NE–SW‐directed compression caused by the low‐angle NE‐directed subduction of the Indus–Yarlung Zangbo Ocean. The different structural pattern along the eastern segment of the BNSZ may have resulted from orogenic bending due to the later Himalayan Orocline caused by the India–Eurasia collision in the Cenozoic.
Lithosphere extension and upwelling of asthenosphere at post-collisional stage of an orogenic cycle generally induce diverse magmatism and/or associated high-temperature metamorphism. Nevertheless, the intimate coexistence of post-collisional magmatic activity and high-temperature metamorphism is rare. In this contribution, a lithological assemblage composing of diverse magmatic rocks deriving from distinct magma sources and coeval high-temperature metamorphism was identified in eastern Kunlun. Petrography, ages, mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry demonstrated that those intimately coexistent diverse rocks were genetically related to post-collisional extension. The garnet-bearing mafic granulites in Jinshuikou area interior of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt are mainly composed of garnet, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase, with peak metamorphic P–T conditions of ~ 701–756 °C and 5.6–7.0 kbar, representing a granulite-facies metamorphism at 409.7 ± 1.7 Ma. The diverse contemporaneous magmatic rocks including hornblendites, gabbros and granites yield zircon U–Pb ages of 408.6 ± 2.5 Ma, 413.4 ± 4.6 Ma, and 387–407 Ma, respectively. The hornblendites show N-MORB-like REE patterns with (La/Sm)N values of 0.85–0.94. They have positive zircon εHf(t) values of 0.1–4.9 and whole-rock εNd(t) values of 3.9–4.7 but relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i values of 0.7081 to 0.7088. These features demonstrate that the hornblendites derived from a depleted asthenospheric mantle source with minor continental crustal materials in source. As for the gabbros, they exhibit arc-like elemental signatures, low zircon εHf(t) values (−4.3 to 2.5) and variable whole-rock εNd(t) values (−4.9 to 1.2) as well as high (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.7068 to 0.7126), arguing for that they were originated from partial melting of heterogeneous lithospheric mantle anteriorly metasomatized by subducted-sediment released melts. Geochemistry of the granites defines their strongly peraluminous S-type signatures. Zircons from the granites yield a large range of εHf(t) values ranging from −30.8 to −5.1, while the whole-rock samples yield consistent (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.7301 to 0.7342) and negative εNd(t) values (−10.1 to −12.4). These features indicate that the S-type granites could be generated by reworking of an ancient crust. Taken together, the penecontemporaneous magmatism and metamorphic event, demonstrated the early-middle Devonian transition from crustal thickening to extensional collapse. The post-collisional mantle-derived magmas serve as an essential driving force for the high-temperature granulite-facies metamorphism and anataxis of the crust associated with formation of S-type granite. This study not only constructs a more detail Proto-Tethys evolution process of the eastern Kunlun, but also sheds new light on better understanding the intimate relationship between magmatism and metamorphism during post-collisional extensional collapse.
Dielectric capacitors with an ultrahigh power density have received extensive attention due to their potential applications in advanced electronic devices. However, their inherent low energy density restricts their application for miniaturization and integration of advanced dielectric capacitors. Herein, a novel composite entirely incorporated with two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets with a topological trilayered construction is prepared by a solution casting and hot-pressing method. The 2D boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) with a wide band gap that are oriented in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to form the upper and bottom outer layers would efficiently suppress the leakage current in composites, thus significantly improving the overall breakdown strength. Meanwhile, the 2D anatase-type TiO2 nanosheets (TONS) uniformly distributed in the middle layer can enhance their interfacial compatibility and polarization with the PVDF matrix, leading to a synergistic improvement in both the breakdown strength and dielectric constant of the composite. In particular, a significantly improved dielectric constant of ∼11.42, a reduced dielectric loss of 0.03 at 100 Hz, and a maximum discharge energy density (Udis) of 10.17 J cm-3 at an electric field of 370.1 MV m-1 can be obtained from the trilayered composite containing 3 wt % 2D TONS in the middle layer and 2 wt % 2D BNNS on the outer layer. The finding of this research offers an effective strategy for the preparation of advanced polymer-based composites with an outstanding discharge energy density performance.
Isotopic analysis of 39 lithium reagents from several manufacturers indicates that seven were artificially depleted in (6)Li significantly in excess of the variation found in terrestrial materials. The atomic weight of lithium in analyzed reagents ranged from 6.939 to 6.996, and δ(7)Li, reported relative to L-SVEC lithium carbonate, ranged from -11 to +3013‰. This investigation indicates that (6)Li-depleted reagents are now found on chemists' shelves, and the labels of these (6)Li-depleted reagents do not accurately reflect the atomic and (or) molecular weights of these reagents. In 1993, IUPAC issued the following statement: "Commercially available Li materials have atomic weights that range between 6.94 and 6.99; if a more accurate value is required, it must be determined for the specific material." This statement has been found to be incorrect. In two of the 39 samples analyzed, the atomic weight of Li was in excess of 6.99.
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