To investigate the salt-release performance of salt-storage aggregates, salt-storage aggregates were prepared using magnesium oxychloride cement as a carrier through the addition of chloride salts and sustained-release agents.The different types of salt-storage aggregates were compared and selected through compressive strength and immersion conductivity tests.In addition, the salt-release performance of salt-storage asphalt mixtures was investigated by immersion conductivity tests and simulated rain erosion tests.The results indicate that as a sustained-release agent, polyethylene glycol has a certain adverse effect on the compressive strength of salt-storage aggregates, whereas glycerol has an enhancing influence during 28 days of standard curing conditions.The salt-storage aggregates with sustainedrelease agents show a good sustained-release effect and a relatively stable conductivity growth.Compared with polyethylene glycol, glycerol attains a better sustained-release effect on salt-storage aggregates with CaCl2 as a snowmelting agent.Under short-term immersion conditions, the conductivity of salt-storage asphalt mixture specimens increases rapidly with prolonged immersion.Under long-term immersion conditions, the conductivity changes under different replacement rates show two stages, namely, the early stage featuring a rapid increase and the later stage showing a gradual trend.The salt-dissolved regularity of salt-storage asphalt mixture conforms to the logarithmic model.After 5 years of equivalent rainwater erosion, the salt-storage asphalt mixture can still release salt.The study provides a good reference for the production and application of salt-storage aggregate in road maintenance.
Abstract Accurate structure control in dissipative assemblies (DSAs) is vital for precise biological functions. However, accuracy and functionality of artificial DSAs are far from this objective. Herein, a novel approach is introduced by harnessing complex chemical reaction networks rooted in coordination chemistry to create atomically‐precise copper nanoclusters (CuNCs), specifically Cu 11 (µ 9 ‐Cl)(µ 3 ‐Cl) 3 L 6 Cl (L = 4‐methyl‐piperazine‐1‐carbodithioate). Cu(I)–ligand ratio change and dynamic Cu(I)–Cu(I) metallophilic/coordination interactions enable the reorganization of CuNCs into metastable CuL 2 , finally converting into equilibrium [CuL·Y]Cl (Y = MeCN/H 2 O) via Cu(I) oxidation/reorganization and ligand exchange process. Upon adding ascorbic acid (AA), the system goes further dissipative cycles. It is observed that the encapsulated/bridging halide ions exert subtle influence on the optical properties of CuNCs and topological changes of polymeric networks when integrating CuNCs as crosslink sites. CuNCs duration/switch period could be controlled by varying the ions, AA concentration, O 2 pressure and pH. Cu(I)‐Cu(I) metallophilic and coordination interactions provide a versatile toolbox for designing delicate life‐like materials, paving the way for DSAs with precise structures and functionalities. Furthermore, CuNCs can be employed as modular units within polymers for materials mechanics or functionalization studies.
Autocatalytic reactions present a significant opportunity for the precise spatial and temporal control of dynamic materials, mimicking the characteristics of living matter within autonomous chemical systems. Herein, we have crafted an autocatalytic chemical reaction network (CRN) designed to be incorporated into a dynamic system, allowing for efficient control of both sol(I)‐gel and gel‐sol(II) transitions through autocatalytic fronts. The CRN incorporates two autocatalytic reactions. The first reaction promotes the formation of disulfide crosslinks while increasing the local pH through base product generation, catalyzing further disulfide bond formation and initiating a polymerization front that transforms the liquid phase into a gel. A subsequent, slower reaction triggered at the gel/air interface, resulted in the reduction of disulfide crosslinks, transforming the gel back into a liquid state through accelerating fronts. The dynamics of these autocatalytic fronts are accurately predicted by a reaction‐diffusion model, providing a theoretical framework for system preprogramming. Moreover, our results show that the reversible sol‐gel transition can be reliably repeated multiple times. This approach not only enhances our understanding of autocatalytic CRNs but also pioneers a new approach for developing dynamic materials with life‐like properties, significantly impacting material science and bioengineering.
By introducing a small amount of butyl acrylate to copolymerize with an ionic liquid, a high-performance poly(ionic liquid) was obtained, which could serve as a bimodal flexible sensor.
Abstract Transition metal layered oxides (Na x TMO 2 ), boasting a high theoretical specific capacity and affordability, have emerged as prominent cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Their potential, however, is hindered when operating at higher voltage range (4.0–4.3 V) due to irreversible phase transition, heterogeneous surface reconstruction, and side reaction. Herein, using a straightforward room‐temperature liquid‐phase reductive method, a dual conformal protective layer is in situ constructed on the surface of NaNi 1/3 Fe 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NFM). This layer comprises both a spinel structure and an amorphous Co x B coating, thereby achieving a layered‐spinel‐Co x B configuration. The spinel structure provides 3D Na + transport channels and works as a pillar to anchor the intrinsic layered structure. Simultaneously, the external Co x B layer effectively mitigates O loss, transition metal ion dissolution, and undesired side reactions on the surface. Benefiting from the synergistic effects on both the material's bulk and surface, the 1wt% Co x B coated cathode displays superior stability. After 300 cycles, the capacity retention is 79.6% between 2 and 4 V, significantly outperforming pristine‐NFM's(p‐NFM) 51.4%. When charged to 4.3 V, its capacity retention stands at 70%, much higher than that of p‐NFM (51.2%). This work provides new insights into exploiting high‐voltage stable cathode through constructing a dual conformal protective layer for high energy density SIBs.
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