Objective:To evaluate the recent effect of entecavir(ETV) and adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Methods:Patients of test group take ETV 0.5 mg per day while those of control group use ADV 10 mg per day.Liver function and quantitative HBV DNA were tested before and 4,12,24 weeks later.Results:There was no significant difference of HBV DNA level between two groups' baseline level (P0.05).HBVDNA decrease in ETV group were 2.60±0.85、3.22±1.24、3.06±1.29 log cp/mL at 4,12,24 weeks respectively after therapy and higher than those in ADV group(1.69±0.82、2.03±1.10、2.00±1.25) (P0.05);The rates of viral response in ETV and ADV group were 82% and 69% respectively;but ALT normality rate in two group were 64%.Meantime in entecavir group, there were 2 patients' ALT level significantly rose to values more than two times of baseline at 4 weeks, but their ALT and HBVDNA were recovered completely 8 weeks later.Conclusion: Entecavir showed stronger antivival effects for HBV than adefovir dipivoxil except for chemistry response.Cases with significantly increased ALT level after entecavir treatment might have relatively good prognosis.
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are used to establish patient-specific cell lines and are ideal models to mirror the pathological features of diseases and investigate their underlying mechanisms in vitro, especially for rare genic diseases. Here, a de novo mutation c.1509dupA (p.R503fs) in FUS was detected in a patient with sporadic juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS). JALS is a rare and severe form of ALS with unclear pathogenesis and no effective cure. An induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line carrying the de novo mutation was established, and represents a good tool to study JALS pathogenesis and gene therapy strategies for the treatment of this condition. The established human iPSC line carrying the de novo FUS mutation strongly expressed pluripotency markers and could be differentiated into three embryonic germ layers with no gross chromosomal aberrations. Furthermore, the iPSCs could be successfully differentiated into motor neurons exhibiting the pathological characteristics of ALS. Our results indicate that this line may be useful for uncovering the pathogenesis of sporadic JALS and screen for drugs to treat this disorder.
Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important regulatory factors of EGF family. EGF has been indicated to effectively inhibit the apoptosis of follicular cells, to promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and the maturation of oocytes, and to induce ovulation process via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the distribution and expression of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary especially during oestrous cycle. In this study, the localization and expression rule of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovaries of follicular phase and luteal phase at different time points in oestrous cycle were investigated by using IHC and real‐time qPCR. The results showed that EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary were mainly expressed in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, zona pellucida, follicular fluid and theca folliculi externa of follicles. The protein and mRNA expression of EGF/EGFR in follicles changed regularly with the follicular growth wave both in follicular and in luteal phase ovaries. In follicular phase ovaries, the protein expression of EGF and EGFR was higher in antral follicles than that of those in other follicles during follicular growth stage, and the mRNA expression of EGFR was also increased in stage of dominant follicle selection. However, in luteal phase ovaries, the growth of follicles was impeded during corpus luteum development under the action of progesterone secreted by granular lutein cell. The mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGFR in ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle indicate that they play a role in promoting follicular development in follicular growth waves and mediating the selection process of dominant follicles.
Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of Nocardia infections, antibiotic resistance profile, choice of antibiotics and treatment outcome, among others. In addition, the study compared the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nocardiosis in bronchiectasis patients and non-bronchiectasis patients. Methods Detailed clinical data were collected from the medical records of 71 non-duplicate nocardiosis patients from 2017 to 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou, China. Nocardia isolates were identified to the species level using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR sequencing. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and drug susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method. Results Of the 71 cases of nocardiosis, 70 (98.6%) were diagnosed as pulmonary infections with common underlying diseases including bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thirteen different strains were found in 71 isolates, the most common of which were N. farcinica (26.8%) and N. cyriacigeorgica (18.3%). All Nocardia strains were 100% susceptible to both TMP-SMX and linezolid, and different Nocardia species showed different patterns of drug susceptibility in vitro. Pulmonary nocardiosis is prone to comorbidities such as bronchiectasis, diabetes mellitus, COPD, etc., and Nocardia is also frequently accompanied by co-infection of the body with pathogens such as Mycobacterium and Aspergillus spp . Sixty-one patients underwent a detailed treatment regimen, of whom 32 (52.5%) received single or multi-drug therapy based on TMP-SMX. Bronchiectasis was associated with a higher frequency of Nocardia infections, and there were significant differences between the bronchiectasis and non-bronchiectasis groups in terms of age distribution, clinical characteristics, identification of Nocardia species, and antibiotic susceptibility (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our study contributes to the understanding of the species diversity of Nocardia isolates in Henan, China, and the clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary nocardiosis infections. Clinical and microbiologic differences between patients with and without bronchiectasis. These findings will contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of patients.
The identification of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is mainly dependent on motor symptoms, while the non-motor symptoms exist even decades ahead of the PD diagnosis. According to Braak’s hypothesis, the enteric plexus is the first affected site during the pathological development of PD, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms appear during the onset of the disease. Although GI symptoms decrease the life quality of patients with PD, there is often less focus on GI symptoms compared with motor symptoms. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological basis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of GI symptoms in patients with PD. We also discuss the treatment and research dilemmas, as well as the research direction in the near future.
Self-attention has become an integral component of the recent network architectures, e.g., Transformer, that dominate major image and video benchmarks. This is because self-attention can flexibly model long-range information. For the same reason, researchers make attempts recently to revive Multiple Layer Perceptron (MLP) and propose a few MLP-Like architectures, showing great potential. However, the current MLP-Like architectures are not good at capturing local details and lack progressive understanding of core details in the images and/or videos. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel MorphMLP architecture that focuses on capturing local details at the low-level layers, while gradually changing to focus on long-term modeling at the high-level layers. Specifically, we design a Fully-Connected-Like layer, dubbed as MorphFC, of two morphable filters that gradually grow its receptive field along the height and width dimension. More interestingly, we propose to flexibly adapt our MorphFC layer in the video domain. To our best knowledge, we are the first to create a MLP-Like backbone for learning video representation. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on image classification, semantic segmentation and video classification. Our MorphMLP, such a self-attention free backbone, can be as powerful as and even outperform self-attention based models.
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