Being increasingly grown in recent years, institutional investors in China have achieved preliminary results in corporate governance; however, comparing with such developed countries as the US, there is still a long way to go with many problems unsolved.
Excessive water level fluctuation may affect physico-chemical characteristics, and consequently ecosystem function, in lakes and reservoirs. In this study, we assessed the changes of phytoplankton assemblages in response to water level increase in Danjiangkou Reservoir, one of the largest drinking water reservoirs in Asia. The water level increased from a low of 137 m to 161 m in 2014 as a part of the South–North Water Diversion Project. Phytoplankton assemblages were sampled four times per year before, during and after the water level increase, at 10 sites. Environmental variables such as total nitrogen as well as phytoplankton biomass decreased after the water level increase. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis indicated that before the water level increase, phytoplankton assemblages showed distinct seasonal variation with diatom dominance in both early and late seasons while such seasonal variation was much less evident after the water level increase. Month and year (before and after) explained 13% and 6% of variance in phytoplankton assemblages (PERMANOVA, p < 0.001) respectively, and phytoplankton assemblages were significantly different before and after the water level increase. Both chlorophytes and cyanobacteria became more abundant in 2015. Phytoplankton compositional change may largely reflect the environmental changes, such as hydrodynamics mediated by the water level increase.
Danjiangkou Reservoir is a critical water source for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which harbors a diverse bacterioplankton community with varying depths, and the understanding of its nitrogen and phosphorus cycle and associated driving factors remains limited. In this study, we selected five ecological sites within Danjiangkou Reservoir and conducted metagenomics analysis to investigate the vertical distribution of bacterioplankton communities in the surface, middle, and bottom layers. Furthermore, we analyzed and predicted the function of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, along with their driving factors. Our findings revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Significant differences were observed in the structure of bacterioplankton communities across different depths, with temperature （
Six isolates obtained from diesel oil enrichment culture were reconstituted to form a mixed microbial consortium. And the biodegradation test of diesel oil was conducted at 28°C over 5 weeks. An antibiotic selection strategy was adopted to determine the magnitude of specific isolates and population dynamics within the mixed culture during diesel oil biodegradation. During biodegradation test, the amount of individual isolates has changed over the initial test density, and the proportion of individual isolates has changed heavily. From the initial of biodegradation test till to the fourth week of test, the isolates D1 and D2 were the most abundant in total culture. And from week 3 to week 5, isolates D5 and D6 increased continuously from 3% and 5% to 28% and 10% of total culture respectively. During the biodegradation test, the isolate D4 decreased continuously from 16.7% to 1% of the total culture by week 5; while isolate D3 decreased continuously from 16.7% of the total culture at the initial of test to below detection levels by week 5. At the end of biodegradation test, the isolates D2, D5 and D1 are the dominant microbial in total culture, and occupies 37%, 28% and 24% of total culture respectively. These dynamics of the culture respond directly to the residual components during biodegradation that available to be adopted as the growth substrates to microorganism.
The effects of rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the growth of 5 kinds of red tide algae(Alexandrium tamarense,Heterosigma akashiwo,Chaetoceros Didymus,Chaertoceros debilis and Nitzschia closterium) were investigated.When the concentration of rhamnolipid was increased gradually from 0.5mg/L to 12.0mg/L,it displayed different degrees of inhibitory action on the growth of the 5 kinds of algae.The reason for the different susceptibilities of the algae to the rhamnolipid concentration was because of the different fatty acid compositions of these algae.This different characteristic was interpreted by the different fatty acid composition of the algae biomembrane;the lower the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids,the lower the corresponding 96h-EC50 value,and vice versa.The optimal concentrations of rhamnolipid required for the effective mitigation of the 5 algal species ranged from 8.5mg/L to 15mg/L.Moreover the algal cells were irreversibly damaged by rhamnolipid concentrations of 15mg/L.
We propose a new trust region approach for minimizing a nonlinear function subject to simple bounds. Unlike most existing methods, our proposed method does not require that a quadratic programming subproblem, with inequality constraints, be solved in each iteration. Instead, a solution to a trust region subproblem is defined by minimizing a quadratic function subject only to an ellipsoidal constraint. The iterates generated are strictly feasible. Our proposed method reduces to a standard trust region approach for the unconstrained problem when there are no upper or lower bounds on the variables. Global and local quadratic convergence is established. Preliminary numerical experiments are reported indicating the practical viability of this approach.
In order to elucidate the impact of fortunei forest environment on overall health, the effect of the Cryptomeria fortunei forest environment on mice was examined. Using an OFT (Open Field Test), the behavior of mice in fortunei forest and in an indoor environment (used as a control) was analyzed, while minor changes in climate, oxygen, and suspended particulate matter were observed and recorded simultaneously. The results indicated that the two environments were significantly different in regard to relative humidity, wind speed, and the oxygen content of air, while there were no significant differences in temperature. Importantly, spontaneous activity behavioral indicators in mice were significantly different. Mice in the Cryptomeria fortunei environment (LS group) spent less time in the corners and near walls in comparison to mice in the indoor environment (CK group). Compared with indoor control mice, for the mice exposed to forest environments total distance traveled, central grid distance, frequency of movement through the central grid, frequency of standing, and body mass significantly increased; The number of fecal grains significantly decreased. The spontaneous activity behavioral indicators changed over time stages. In the early stages there were no differences, but after accumulation of environmental effects in the late stages, significant differences were evident. The above results showed that the Cryptomeria fortunei forest environment increased excitability and cognitive ability of mice, was able to effectively alleviate anxiety, and was able to emotionally relax and improve the appetite of the mice.
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