The molecular mechanism governing the response of plants to salinity stress, one of the most significant limiting factors for agriculture worldwide, has just started to be revealed. Here, we report AtSZF1 and AtSZF2, two closely related CCCH-type zinc finger proteins, involved in salt stress responses in Arabidopsis. The expression of AtSZF1 and AtSZF2 is quickly and transiently induced by NaCl treatment. Mutants disrupted in the expression of AtSZF1 or AtSZF2 exhibit increased expression of a group of salt stress-responsive genes in response to high salt. Significantly, the atszf1-1/atszf2-1 double mutant displays more sensitive responses to salt stress than the atszf1-1 or atszf2-1 single mutants and wild-type plants. On the other hand, transgenic plants overexpressing AtSZF1 show reduced induction of salt stress-responsive genes and are more tolerant to salt stress. We also showed that AtSZF1 is localized in the nucleus. Taken together, these results demonstrated that AtSZF1 and AtSZF2 negatively regulate the expression of salt-responsive genes and play important roles in modulating the tolerance of Arabidopsis plants to salt stress.
Pulsed electric field (PEF) is an innovative technique used to assist in the extraction of vegetable oils. There has been no research on the effects of PEF on virgin olive oil (VOO) quality and antioxidant activity to date. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of PEF on oil yield, quality, and in vitro antioxidant activity of "Koroneiki" extra virgin olive oil. The results show that the PEF treatment increased the oil yield by 5.6%, but had no significant effect on the saponification value, K232, K270, and ∆K value of the VOO. PEF treatment reduced the oleic acid content by 3.12%, but had no significant effect on the content of palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. After PEF treatment, the levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and oleuropein increased by 7.6%, 18.3% and 76%, respectively. There was no significant effect on the levels of 4 phenolic acids (vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid), 2 lignans (lignans and apigenin), hydroxytyrosol, and 3 pigments (lutein, demagnetized chlorophyll, and carotenoids). In addition, PEF treatment significantly increased the content of tocopherols, with α, β, γ, and δ tocopherols increasing by 9.8%, 10.7%, 13.6% and 38.4%, respectively. The free radical scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS was also improved. In conclusion, the use of PEF significantly increased the yield of VOO oil as well as the levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, oleuropein, tocopherol, and in vitro antioxidant activity.
3D NAND enables continuous NAND density and cost scaling beyond conventional 2D NAND. However, its poly-Si channel suffers from low mobility, large device variations, and instability caused by grain boundaries. Here, we overcome these drawbacks by introducing an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) channel, which has the advantages of ultra-low OFF current, back-end-of-line compatibility, higher mobility and better uniformity than poly-Si, and free of grain boundaries due to the amorphous nature. Ultra-scaled floating-gate (FG) transistors with a channel length of 60 nm are reported, achieving the highest ON current of 127 uA/um among all reported a-IGZO-based flash devices for high-density, low-power, and high-performance 3D NAND applications. Furthermore, a non-volatile and area-efficient ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) with only two a-IGZO FG transistors is experimentally demonstrated. Array-level simulations using experimentally calibrated models show that this design achieves at least 240x array-size scalability and 2.7-fold reduction in search energy than 16T-CMOS, 2T2R, and 2FeFET TCAMs.
Accurate short-term load forecasts play an important role in guiding and regulating the operations of electric utilities. Using long- and short-term memory neural networks with an improved whale optimization technique, this study suggests a combination strategy for long- and short-term neural network prediction. The long-short-term memory neural network mitigates the issue of gradient vanishing and explosion, caused by the cumulative multiplication of the activation function of RNN when handling lengthy sequences. In order to address the issue of model parameter randomness, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is introduced. The improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) is then obtained by using the roulette method to alter the individual whale population's optimization methods in order to avoid falling into the local optimum. In this paper, the adaptive noise-complete ensemble empirical modal decomposition method CEEMDAN is introduced to solve the problem of model training efficiency caused by the nonlinear non-smoothness of the model input data, so as to construct a combined CEEMDAN-IWOA-LSTM prediction model based on CEEMDAN-IWOA-LSTM. The results show that the model's prediction accuracy reaches 99.05%, and various prediction and assessment indexes are better than other prediction models, with the best performance and effect.
The refractive index sensor is fabricated by tapering a thin-core-fiber (TCF) and sandwiched between two segments of standard single-mode fibers. For the TCMF with a diameter of 30 μm and taper length of 18 mm, a maximum sensitivity of 2459.18 nm/RIU has been experimentally achieved for a RI range of 1.4237 to 1.4335 and the detection limit is about 2×10 -4 RIU. This photonic device has excellent RI sensing property, which is expected to be applied in biological, chemical areas, as well as the application as tunable photonic device.
Li-rich layered oxide (LLO) cathode materials with high specific capacities could significantly enhance the energy density of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, the specific practical capacities of LLO materials in ASSLBs are extremely low due to poor initial activation. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy with in situ differential phase contrast imaging was first used to study the initial activation mechanism of Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 . Li-ion transport heterogeneity was observed in LLO grains and across the LLO/Li6 PS5 Cl interface, due to the coexistence of the nanoscale Li2 MnO3 and LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 phases. Consequently, the severely constrained activation of Li2 MnO3 during the first charging could be attributed to a nanoscale phase separation in LLO, hindering Li-ion transport through its particles, and causing high impedance in the Li2 MnO3 domain/Li6 PS5 Cl interface. This study could facilitate interface design of high-performance LLO-based ASSLBs.
Composite nanosheets of graphene and boron nitride have been produced in large quantities for the first time using high‐energy ball milling in ammonia gas as an exfoliation agent. The anti‐wear properties of the composite nanosheets as a lubricant additive are investigated via a four‐ball method. The results show that the composite nanosheets are exfoliated from the commercial graphite and h‐BN powders and combined into graphene/BN composite nanosheets during the ball milling process. The composite nanosheets formed have diameters larger than 200 nm and consist of heterostructures of approximately 10 monolayers of graphene and BN. The composite nanosheets exhibit better wear resistance and friction reduction properties than the homogeneous nanosheets because of the stronger interaction between graphene and BN nanosheets, which can effectively improve the anti‐wear properties of mineral base oil as a lubricant additive.
Aiming at the shortcomings of ant colony algorithm in the complex environment, such as being easy to fall into local optimum and difficult to guarantee real-time path planning of robots, this paper proposes a dynamic window algorithm based on improved ant colony (IACO-DWA). In order to avoid the blind search of ants in the early stage, this method designs an adaptive distance induction factor, and combines the maximum and minimum ant system (MMAS) to improve the pheromone update rule to prevent falling into the local optimum; to improve the probability transfer rule by constructing a corner suppression factor, Reduce the path inflection points, and integrate the global path points generated by the DWA tracking ant colony to construct a new position evaluation function, and then plan a smooth path trajectory. The simulation results show that the method in this paper strengthens the optimization performance of the global path while realizing the local dynamic obstacle avoidance.
An efficient one-pot three-component domino coupling reaction of phenols, C60, and bromoalkanes was developed, resulting in the highly regioselective synthesis of 1,4-asymmetrical C60 bisadducts. The reaction utilizes KOtBu as a promoter and likely proceeds by an oxyanion/carbanion rearrangement/nucleophilic addition cascade. This new methodology is particularly effective for the synthesis of 1,4-asymmetrical C60 electron transport materials. Its utility is demonstrated by the synthesis of a new efficient 1,4-C60 ETM, which possesses better performance, easier synthesis, and a lower cost compared with the commercially available PCBM.
Neuromorphic computing is a promising computing paradigm toward building next-generation artificial intelligence machines, in which diverse types of synaptic plasticity play an active role in information processing. Compared to long-term plasticity (LTP) forming the foundation of learning and memory, short-term plasticity (STP) is essential for critical computational functions. So far, the practical applications of LTP have been widely investigated, whereas the implementation of STP in hardware is still elusive. Here, we review the development of STP by bridging the physics in emerging devices and biological behaviors. We explore the computational functions of various STP in biology and review their recent progress. Finally, we discuss the main challenges of introducing STP into synaptic devices and offer the potential approaches to utilize STP to enrich systems' capabilities. This review is expected to provide prospective ideas for implementing STP in emerging devices and may promote the construction of high-level neuromorphic machines.
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