You can have your cake and eat it too: A "dual-tuning" strategy for improving the capture of SO2 was developed by introducing electron-withdrawing sites on the anions to produce several kinds of functionalized ionic liquids. Those functionalized with a halogen group exhibited improved performance over their non-halogenated counterparts, leading to highly efficient and reversible capture. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
To establish and validate a simple quantitative assessment method for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on a combination of the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate.A total of 170 subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects were examined by ultrasound and (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) on the same day. The ultrasound hepatic/renal echo-intensity ratio and ultrasound hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were obtained from ordinary ultrasound images using the MATLAB program.Correlation analysis revealed that the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were significantly correlated with (1)H-MRS liver fat content (ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio: r = 0.952, P = 0.000; hepatic echo-intensity attenuation r = 0.850, P = 0.000). The equation for predicting liver fat content by ultrasound (quantitative ultrasound model) is: liver fat content (%) = 61.519 × ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio + 167.701 × hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate -26.736. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the liver fat content ratio of the quantitative ultrasound model was positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride, but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal point for diagnosing fatty liver was 9.15% in the quantitative ultrasound model. Furthermore, in the quantitative ultrasound model, fatty liver diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 94.7% and 100.0%, respectively, showing that the quantitative ultrasound model was better than conventional ultrasound methods or the combined ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate. If the (1)H-MRS liver fat content had a value < 15%, the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound quantitative model would be 81.4% and 100%, which still shows that using the model is better than the other methods.The quantitative ultrasound model is a simple, low-cost, and sensitive tool that can accurately assess hepatic fat content in clinical practice. It provides an easy and effective parameter for the early diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis and evaluation of the efficacy of NAFLD treatment.
Abstract Being aimed at the asymmetric pneumatic cylinder, a new type of pneumatic drive circuit is designed. The generalized pulse code modulation (GPCM) pneumatic control system is used for improving performances of the system. In addition, in stead of establishing a nonlinear mathematical model of pneumatic GPCM servo system, system identification by the recursive least square method is applied to find its mathematical model, then a self-tuning controller with the pole-placement approach is designed. In the end, experiments are run in detail. The results show that the GPCM pneumatic servo system is better than the PCM, the self-tuning controller is better than the conventional PID and they are effective in achieving a desired positioning and following accuracy.
It was reviewed that the development in solid fuel rich propellant abroad and mainland. The composition, combustion characteristics and its modification of the various fuel rich propellant, the hydrocarbon propellant, the magnesium propellant and the boron propellant,were demonstrated.
Two-phase flow of the secondery combustor of the gas generator-type metal/water reaction ramjet was numerically simulated by using particle trajectory model.The reaction flow model of motor secondery combustor was established,and a motor was simulated.The effects of different injection locations and jet orifice numbers on combustion efficiency of aluminium particle and motor properties were investigated under once water penetration.The change tendency of motor parameters including ingredients of reactant,product and temperature were obtained.The results show that there exists the optimum inlet location for motor property,Once water penetration should choose two-orifice symmetrical distribution.The simulation results can provide the reference to motor design.
Abstract A strategy for improving CO 2 capture by new anion‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) making use of multiple site cooperative interactions is reported. An extremely high capacity of up to 1.60 mol CO 2 per mol IL and excellent reversibility were achieved by introducing a nitrogen‐based interacting site on the phenolate and imidazolate anion. Quantum‐chemical calculations, spectroscopic investigations, and calorimetric data demonstrated that multiple‐site cooperative interactions between two kinds of interacting sites in the anion and CO 2 resulted in superior CO 2 capacities, which originated from the π‐electron delocalization in the pyridine ring.
Ionic liquids are suitable for the absorption of acid gases such as SO2 because of their unique properties. In this work, a new method was developed for the highly efficient capture of SO2 by introducing a phenyl group into the azole-based ionic liquids. It was found that these phenyl-containing azole-based ionic liquids reacted with SO2 through multiple-site interactions between the anion and SO2, resulting in an extremely high SO2 capacity of up to ∼5.7 mole per mole ionic liquid. Spectroscopic investigations and quantum calculations show that the dramatic enhancement in the SO2 capacity originated from the enhanced π⋯S interaction between the phenyl group on the anion and SO2. Furthermore, the captured SO2 was easy to release by heating or bubbling N2 through the ionic liquid. This efficient and reversible process using these phenyl-containing azole-based ionic liquids with an enhanced π⋯S interaction provides an excellent alternative to current SO2 capture technologies.
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