A series of dual functionalized ionic liquids with metal chelate cations from surfactant and alkali metal salt were designed, prepared, and used for SO2 capture. The effect of metal ions, coordination number, anionic structures, temperature, and pressure on SO2 absorption was investigated. The interaction of these functionalized ionic liquids with SO2 was explained by spectroscopic investigation. The results showed that these metal-containing ionic liquids exhibited high absorption capacity through a combination of physical and chemical interaction of SO2 with basic anions and ether-containing cations as well as excellent reversibility (21 recycles). Considering the easy preparation, low cost, and excellent performance, these dual functionalized metal-containing ionic liquids provide significant improvements over traditional ionic liquids, indicating the promise for industrial application in SO2 capture.
By consideration of the combustion characteristics of the fuel rich propellant at low pressure,the various techniques to measure the combustion properties of the fuel rich propellant,such as, the strand burner method,thermocouple method,ultrasonic method,firing test and high speed photography method are evaluated. The difference between the recorded pressure and absolute pressure should be noticed in the low pressure experiment data process as well as the selection of the burning rate and pressure correlations.
This study aims to use a wall shear stress (WSS) quantitative analysis software to analyze and evaluate the carotid sinus WSS spatial distribution and characteristics in intima-media thickness (IMT) normal and thickening group by using two-dimensional color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) so as to assist clinicians to predict the location and risk of plaque formation.According to IMT, 50 subjects was selected as IMT thickening group and 50 subjects as IMT normal group from subjects who had a carotid ultrasound examination in Shanghai East hospital during October 2016 to October 2017. This study presents the spatial distribution of the carotid sinus WSS based on the WSS quantitative analysis software and compared the spatial distribution and characteristics of the carotid sinus WSS between IMT thickening group and IMT normal group through two- and three-dimensional WSS maps and a fused WSS image.The distributional regularity of WSS in both two group was: carotid sinus < common carotid artery (CCA) < internal carotid artery (ICA) and posterior-interior wall of the carotid sinus < the anterior-lateral wall of the carotid sinus. Furthermore, the WSS of CCA, ICA, the anterior-lateral proximal wall of the carotid sinus, the anterior-lateral distal wall of the carotid sinus, the posterior-interior proximal wall of the carotid sinus, and the posterior-interior distal wall of the carotid sinus in IMT thickening group was lower than the corresponding part of IMT normal group (P < 0.05).In summary, this WSS quantitative analysis framework by two-dimensional CDFI can measure and reflect the carotid sinus WSS spatial distribution and characteristics more accurately and visually. As a convenient tool, it may be used for clinical prediction of the plaque formation in carotid sinus in the future.
Objective
To explore the application effect of the laryngeal mask in the simulation of the airway crisis situation in the standardized training of surgical residents.
Methods
July 2017 to June 2018, 48 patients in the anesthesiology department of our hospital were selected to be rotated and surgically trained, and divided into test group and control group of 24 people each. Test group: training for laryngeal mask placement in a simple task trainer; control group: training in laryngeal mask placement under crisis scenario scenarios. After the training, the two groups of students were compared with the theoretical achievement, and first-aid airway treatment ability under simulated clinical crisis events, including technical ability and non-technical ability. The questionnaires were sent to the participants for feedback.
Results
After the training, the theoretical scores of the test group and control group were not statistically different (88.0±4.2 vs 86.0±3.4, P=0.076). Compared with the control group, the test group had higher success rate of laryngeal mask placement [75.0%(18/24) vs 45.83%(11/24), P=0.039], higher score of problem-solving ability (6.4±0.5 vs 2.1±1.2, P<0.01) and higher overall satisfaction of teaching (4.1±0.5 vs 3.5±0.6, P<0.01).
Conclusions
The application of laryngeal mask in airway crisis situation simulation could effectively improve the emergency airway management ability of surgical resident standardized training students.
Key words:
Airway crisis situation simulation; Laryngeal mask placement; Emergency airway management; Residency standardized training
Benzaldehyde is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, paint and spices, and it is also an important organic reaction intermediate. At present, benzaldehyde is generally obtained by selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol in the industry. It is the most green by using oxygen as the oxidant to oxidise the benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. Pd/mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) catalysts were prepared by ions exchanging between Pd2+ ions and Ca2+ ions of MBG. As the Ca2+ ions content was limited in MBG, ion exchange saturation would occur and Pd particles would aggregate and grow up in case of high Pd2+ concentration. The Pd/MBG catalysts were demonstrated to have highly catalytic activity in the reaction of catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol with oxygen as the green oxidant. However, Pd concentration must be controlled in a small range. When the Pd concentration was higher than 0·96%, Pd particles would form, resulting in the decreasing of the catalytic activity of catalysts.
A digital vision sensing and data acquisition system is designed and established basing on the ant-colony-algorithm (ACA)welding pool image processing technique to improve the edge detection of MIG welding pool on Aluminum Alloy.The system structure and algorithm procedure are discussed.The comparison between sobel detector,canny detector and ant-colony-algorithm detector is performed which indicates that ant-colony-algorithm detector has obvious advantages in welding pool image processing.Its ability to require clear edge information from MIG welding pool image on Aluminum Alloy and effectively avoid the influences of noise from negative pole atomization has provided us a new possible solution of MIG process welding pool image processing.
Aimed at the problem of extraction of welding pool edge of aluminum alloy MIG welding,an experimental system of vision sensing and acquisition was set up,and an inter-category square deviation based threshold value selection method was proposed for extraction of welding pool edge of aluminum alloy MIG welding.The configuration of system and algorithm were introduced and,meanwhile,its result of welding pool edge extraction was compared with that of Sobel-operator and Canny-operator based method.It was shown by this comparison that threshold-value image dividing with genetic algorithm was feasible in the edge extraction of welding pool image.The edge of welding pool of aluminum alloy MIG welding extracted with this algorithm was clear,and the influence of noise in the signal of welding pool image as well as the influence of the cathode mist could effectively be eliminated by using this algorithm,providing a new real-time detection and control method for welding pool edge.
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