Abstract The NM23‐HI gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene that may be important in the metastastic process. Recent genetic and immunological data indicate that the NM23‐HI gene encodes a protein with nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase activity. The mapping of NM23‐HI by panels of rodent‐human somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization showed that the gene is located in human chromosome band 17q22. A two‐allele polymorphism with Bg /ll was demonstrated.
Objective With the introduction of robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSC) at our institution in 2008, we noted a reduction in residents’ vaginal hysterectomy (VH) experience. In 2012, we made a transition to perform VH on all robotic sacrocolpopexies. Our objective was to report our short-term outcomes and adverse events. Methods In this case series, we evaluated women who underwent VH with concomitant RSC for stages II to IV pelvic organ prolapse between 2012 and 2017. In these cases, the vesicovaginal and rectovaginal spaces were developed transvaginally. Descriptive analysis including demographics, short-term outcomes, and adverse events are reported. Results In this group of 209 women, median (interquartile interval) duration of follow-up was 49 (26–60) weeks. The majority of the women were white (84.7%) and postmenopausal (80.9%), with a mean (SD) age of 59 (9) years. At a median follow-up time of 49 weeks, pelvic organ prolapse quantification revealed 20 patients (12.4%) with Ba or Bp greater or equal to 0 and 1.4% of patients required repeat prolapse surgery. Among 9 women (4.3%) with postoperative fever, 4 (1.9%) were treated for pelvic collection/abscess. Of 5 women (2.4%) who had venous thromboembolism, 3 (1.4%) were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. There were 18 patients (8.6%) treated for urinary tract infection within 6 postoperative weeks. Mesh exposure was noted in 16 (7.7%) of the patients, and 11 (6.2%) required reoperation. Conclusions Vaginal hysterectomy at the time of RSC may increase the risk of infection and mesh exposure compared with procedures without concomitant hysterectomy.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is one of the most common subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), accountmg for 10–15% of de novo cases and typically presenting in early middle age (1). The disease is characterized by a potentially devastating coagulopathy that can lead to rapid demise, particularly owing to cerebral hemorrhage (1), a balanced chromosomal translocation, t(15;17), that is present in virtually all cases of morphological APL (2–5) and a unique treatment response to retinoids (6–9). Development of APL reflecis two critical processes: leukemic transformation coupled with a block in myeloid differentiation causing the bone-marrow to become replaced by abnormal promyelocytes (10). Retmoids, for example all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA), release this block at the promyelocyte stage, such that complete remission is achieved by terminal differentiation of the leukemic clone rather than by a cytotoxic effect (7–9, 11–12). Clinical trials have demonstrated that retinoids can achieve remission rates in APL that match those of conventional chemotherapy; indeed remission has even been induced in patients that were previously resistant to chemotherapeutic agents (7–9).
1. Haemolytic activity corresponding to that of the first component of complement (C1) was synthesized and secreted by all nine human fibroblast cell lines examined. No activity was found in the culture media of a variety of other human cell lines. 2. The component-C1 haemolytic activity secreted by the fibroblast lines behaved in an identical manner, in most respects, with that of the component-C1 haemolytic activity of human serum. The component-C1 haemolytic activity secreted by fibroblasts, however, was less susceptible to inhibition by rabbit fragment F(ab')(2) anti-(human subcomponent C1q) than was the component-C1 haemolytic activity of human serum. 3. Biosynthesis of fibroblast component-C1 haemolytic activity was inhibited by the presence of cycloheximide and regained on its removal. 4. Incorporation of radioactivity into proteins secreted by the fibroblasts and release of component-C1 haemolytic activity by the fibroblasts both increased in a linear manner until several days after the cultures had reached a state of confluent growth. 5. Radioactivity was incorporated into subcomponents C1q, C1r and C1s, as judged by the formation of specific immunoprecipitates and by absorption with immune aggregates. 6. The immunoprecipitates formed by using antisera against subcomponents C1r and C1s were run on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulphate, and this provided convincing physiochemical evidence for the biosynthesis of these subcomponents de novo. 7. The results obtained with immunoprecipitates formed by using anti-(subcomponent C1q) suggest that subcomponent C1q may be synthesized and secreted by fibroblast cell lines in vitro, in a form with a higher molecular weight than that of subcomponent C1q which is isolated by conventional techniques of protein fractionation from fresh serum.
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