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Event Abstract Back to Event MEG responses over right inferior frontal gyrus during stop-signal task performance Matthew Hughes1*, William Woods1, Neil Thomas1, Patricia Michie2 and Susan Rossell1 1 Swinburne University of Technology, Brain and Psychological Sciences Centre, Australia 2 University of Newcastle, School of Psychology, Australia Background: The stop-signal paradigm (Logan, 1984) probes the ability to inhibit on-going responses (stopping). This involves occasional inhibition of a trained response upon presentation of a countermanding stop-signal. Stop-signal task performance can be accounted for by a 'race model' that depicts the attempt to inhibit the go response as a race between stop-signal task processes and go task processes - the winner determines whether a response is inhibited (signal-inhibit trial) or executed (signal-respond trial). This model affords estimation of the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) which is the finishing time of stopping processes. Neuroimaging and cortical deactivation studies have shown that right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is critical for stopping by demonstrating relationships between the function of right IFG and SSRT. Here we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to explore the link between right IFG and SSRT. Methods: MEG data were recorded on an ELEKTA Neuromag TRIUX machine while a participant responded to stop-signal paradigm stimuli. Go task stimuli (Go) were left and right pointing arrows and stop-signals were auditory tones presented on 25% of trials. All trials began with a fixation cross (500ms) and stop-signal delays were varied dynamically to yield a 50% inhibition rate. The participant performed 4 blocks of stimuli (160 trials per block). After artifact rejection, trial type averages time-locked to the fixation cross were computed. Results: Mean go task RT was 361 ms and the inhibition rate was 50%. Mean stop-signal delay was 123 ms and SSRT was 238 ms. The time-frequency plot from a sensor over right IFG reveals a broad spectrum response beginning about 60 ms before SSRT on signal-inhibit trials that is not present during either signal-respond or go task trials. Conclusions: These data show that right IFG becomes active between stop-signal onset and estimated SSRT. This is the first MEG evidence indicating that right IFG is critical for stopping. Keywords: Magnetoencephalography, response inhibition, Stop-signal reaction time, right inferior frontal gyrus Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Cognition and Executive Processes Citation: Hughes M, Woods W, Thomas N, Michie P and Rossell S (2015). MEG responses over right inferior frontal gyrus during stop-signal task performance. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00138 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Dr. Matthew Hughes, Swinburne University of Technology, Brain and Psychological Sciences Centre, Hawthorn, Australia, matthewhughes@swin.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Matthew Hughes William Woods Neil Thomas Patricia Michie Susan Rossell Google Matthew Hughes William Woods Neil Thomas Patricia Michie Susan Rossell Google Scholar Matthew Hughes William Woods Neil Thomas Patricia Michie Susan Rossell PubMed Matthew Hughes William Woods Neil Thomas Patricia Michie Susan Rossell Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
Event Abstract Back to Event An investigation of Mismatch Negativity in current and ex- cannabis users using a feature controlled method Felicity Webster1*, Samantha Broyd1, Lisa-marie Greenwood1, Rodney Croft1, Juanita Todd2, 3, Patricia T. Michie2, 3, Stuart Johnstone1, Ben Lee-Bates1, Hannah Coyle1 and Nadia Solowij1, 3 1 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology and Psychopharmacology, Australia 2 School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia 3 Schizophrenia Research Institute, Australia Aim: The Mismatch Negativity (MMN) is a brain event-related potential marker of sensory memory and prediction error. Studies have found reduced MMN amplitude in long-term cannabis users, and in ex-cannabis users, relative to non-user controls. These groups have not been directly compared. A criticism of previous research is a lack of control for perceptual differences between the deviant and standard tone within the oddball sequence of a multifeature paradigm, which may enhance N1 and therefore overestimate MMN. The current study investigated the use of a novel, feature-controlled extraction method to further explore MMN in chronic users, ex-users and controls. Method: 39 chronic users, 16 ex-users and 44 non-user controls completed a multi-feature MMN paradigm with duration (100ms), frequency (1200Hz) and intensity (90dB) deviants (deviants 6%; standards 82%, 50ms, 1000Hz, 80dB), with runs preceded by trains of deviants presented as standards. MMN was extracted using (i) the traditional method (deviant – oddball standard) and (ii) a feature-controlled method (deviant – perceptually identical stimuli presented as standards prior to the oddball sequence). Results: A main effect of Method type indicated the traditional method produced larger MMN amplitude estimates for all groups and deviant conditions. A main effect of Group was identified for frequency MMN indicating reduced MMN in chronic users compared to controls. In ex-users, frequency MMN was reduced relative to controls using the traditional method, but only at trend level for the feature-controlled method. No differences between chronic and ex-users were identified for any deviant condition with either method. Conclusions: Reduced frequency MMN in chronic and 33-month abstinent users suggests chronic use may lead to early sensory information processing deficits that persist after cessation of use. These data demonstrate the utility of a feature-controlled method of examining MMN, and suggest the traditional method may overestimate MMN due to stimulus perceptual differences enhancing N1. Keywords: mismatch negativity, Cannabis, feature-controlled method, chronic users, ex-users Conference: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology, Wollongong, Australia, 20 Nov - 22 Nov, 2013. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Other... Citation: Webster F, Broyd S, Greenwood L, Croft R, Todd J, Michie PT, Johnstone S, Lee-Bates B, Coyle H and Solowij N (2013). An investigation of Mismatch Negativity in current and ex- cannabis users using a feature controlled method. Conference Abstract: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.213.00021 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Oct 2013; Published Online: 05 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Ms. Felicity Webster, University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology and Psychopharmacology, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, faw122@uowmail.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij Google Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij Google Scholar Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij PubMed Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
Event Abstract Back to Event Neural Correlates of Successful Encoding in Schizophrenia: An Event-Related Potential Study Amity E. Green1*, Paul B. Fitzgerald1, Patricia T. Michie2, Pradeep J. Nathan3, 4 and Rodney J. Croft5, 6 1 Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Australia 2 University of Newcastle, School of Psychology, Australia 3 School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia 4 Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 5 Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia 6 School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia Aims: Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate pronounced deficits in cognitive processing with particular impairments in episodic memory. This may reflect a difficulty in the ability to encode new information. The subsequent memory paradigm has been used in the study of memory formation to segregate neural processes responsible for successful encoding. In healthy controls subsequently remembered items are associated with a more positive ERP waveform than those later forgotten. The aim of the study was to investigate neural correlates of encoding in schizophrenia using a subsequent memory paradigm. Method: EEG was recorded in 20 patients and 19 healthy controls during the semantic encoding of single words. ERPs were sorted according to whether words were subsequently recognised. Group differences were determined in late positivity (LPP; area under the curve 450-750ms), as well as for N1, P2 and N400 ERP peak amplitudes, as a function of subsequent recognition. Results: Patients tended to perform poorer than controls on the recognition test (slower [p=0.069] and less accurate [p=0.006]). Mean amplitude of the encoding-related LPP was greater for recognised than not-recognised words (p=0.035, eta-squared=0.12), with patients showing reduced mean amplitude compared to controls regardless of whether the word was recognised (p=0.018, eta-squared=0.15). Further, compared to controls, patients showed significantly reduced P2 (p=0.032, eta-squared=0.11) and frontal N400 peak amplitudes (p=0.012, eta-squared=0.15) during encoding. Conclusions: The results suggest that reduced activation of encoding processes contributes to poorer recognition memory performance in schizophrenia, however the relative importance of early attentional (P2) and later sematic processing (N400 and LPP) alternations cannot be determined from the present study. Acknowledgements This research was funded by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia, Project Grant #502910 Keywords: Schizophrenia, episodic memory, encoding, event-related potential (ERP), susbsequent memory paradigm Conference: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology, Wollongong, Australia, 20 Nov - 22 Nov, 2013. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Memory Citation: Green AE, Fitzgerald PB, Michie PT, Nathan PJ and Croft RJ (2013). Neural Correlates of Successful Encoding in Schizophrenia: An Event-Related Potential Study. Conference Abstract: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.213.00023 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Oct 2013; Published Online: 05 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Ms. Amity E Green, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, amity.green@monash.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Amity E Green Paul B Fitzgerald Patricia T Michie Pradeep J Nathan Rodney J Croft Google Amity E Green Paul B Fitzgerald Patricia T Michie Pradeep J Nathan Rodney J Croft Google Scholar Amity E Green Paul B Fitzgerald Patricia T Michie Pradeep J Nathan Rodney J Croft PubMed Amity E Green Paul B Fitzgerald Patricia T Michie Pradeep J Nathan Rodney J Croft Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
Although the relationship between aging and cognitive decline is well established, there is substantial individual variability in the degree of cognitive decline in older adults. The present study investigates whether variability in cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults is related to the presence of whole brain or tract-specific changes in white matter microstructure. Specifically, we examine whether age-related decline in performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a cognitive screening tool, is mediated by the white matter microstructural decline. We also examine if this relationship is driven by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or variability in
cerebral arterial pulsatility, an index of cardiovascular risk. Sixty-nine participants (aged 43–87) completed behavioral and MRI testing including T1 structural, T2-weighted FLAIR, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Measures of white matter microstructure were calculated using diffusion tensor imaging analyses on the DWI sequence. Multiple linear regression revealed that MoCA scores were predicted by radial diffusivity (RaD) of white matter beyond age or other cerebral measures. While increasing age and arterial pulsatility were associated with increasing RaD, these factors did not mediate the relationship between total white matter RaD and MoCA. Further, the relationship between MoCA and RaD was specific to participants who reported at least one cardiovascular risk factor. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular risk factors in the presentation of cognitive decline in old age. Further work is needed to establish whether medical or lifestyle management of these risk factors can prevent or
reverse cognitive decline in old age.
Event Abstract Back to Event Acute glycine administration increases mismatch negativity in chronic schizophrenia Lisa-marie Greenwood1*, Sumie Leung1, Patricia Michie2, 3, Amity Green4, Pradeep Nathan5, 6, Paul Fitzgerald7, Patrick Johnston8, Nadia Solowij1, 9, Jayashri Kulkarni4 and Rodney Croft1 1 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Australia 2 University of Newcastle, School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, Australia 3 Schizophrenia Research Institute, Australia 4 Monash University, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Australia 5 Monash University, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Australia 6 University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, United Kingdom 7 Monash University, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Australia 8 University of York, Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, United Kingdom 9 Schizophrenia International Research Institute, Australia NMDA receptor hypofunction, indexed by reduced mismatch negativity (MMN), is proposed to underlie deficits in early auditory processing in schizophrenia (SCZ). Glycine increases NMDA neurotransmission and has been reported to improve functioning as an adjunct to antipsychotic medication. The effects of glycine on MMN in SCZ are unknown and warrant further investigation. Duration (100ms; Standards 50ms, 100Hz, 80dB) and frequency (1100Hz) MMN were compared, at baseline, between 23 participants with a primary diagnosis of SCZ or schizoaffective disorder and 21 matched controls. MMN was reassessed in the patient group after administration of either 0.2g/kg glycine or placebo. Patients were rated on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and provided blood samples pre- and post-glycine administration to monitor glycine serum levels. At baseline, duration MMN was reduced in SCZ compared to controls (p=.002), but frequency MMN was reduced at trend level only (p=.065). Smaller duration MMN at baseline was associated with greater PANSS negative symptoms (p=.023) in patients. The difference between pre- and post-treatment duration MMN was increased after glycine when compared to placebo (p=.009); that is, glycine increased MMN. No difference was observed for frequency MMN and correlations between MMN and glycine serum were not found. These findings suggest that duration MMN is associated with negative symptoms and that acute (0.2g/kg) glycine increases duration MMN in SCZ. Our findings offer insight into the pathophysiology of reduced MMN in SCZ. MMN is a latent biomarker of NMDA function and further research should determine whether prolonged glycine treatment ameliorates reduced MMN in SCZ. Keywords: Glycine, Schizophrenia, NMDA, MMN, mismatch negativity Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Memory and Learning Citation: Greenwood L, Leung S, Michie P, Green A, Nathan P, Fitzgerald P, Johnston P, Solowij N, Kulkarni J and Croft R (2015). Acute glycine administration increases mismatch negativity in chronic schizophrenia. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00139 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Ms. Lisa-marie Greenwood, University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Wollongong, Australia, lgreenwo@uow.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Lisa-marie Greenwood Sumie Leung Patricia Michie Amity Green Pradeep Nathan Paul Fitzgerald Patrick Johnston Nadia Solowij Jayashri Kulkarni Rodney Croft Google Lisa-marie Greenwood Sumie Leung Patricia Michie Amity Green Pradeep Nathan Paul Fitzgerald Patrick Johnston Nadia Solowij Jayashri Kulkarni Rodney Croft Google Scholar Lisa-marie Greenwood Sumie Leung Patricia Michie Amity Green Pradeep Nathan Paul Fitzgerald Patrick Johnston Nadia Solowij Jayashri Kulkarni Rodney Croft PubMed Lisa-marie Greenwood Sumie Leung Patricia Michie Amity Green Pradeep Nathan Paul Fitzgerald Patrick Johnston Nadia Solowij Jayashri Kulkarni Rodney Croft Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
Event Abstract Back to Event Utilising alpha and theta oscillatory activity during task switching to characterise functional networks involved in cognitive control Patrick S. Cooper1, 2, Aaron S. Wong2, 3, Elise Mansfield1, 2, W. R. Fulham1, 2, Patricia T. Michie1, 2 and Frini Karayanidis1, 2* 1 University of Newcastle, School of Psychology, Australia 2 University of Newcastle, Australia 3 University of Newcastle, School of Engineering, Australia Introduction Oscillatory synchronisation is a prominent feature of the brain, providing an important mechanism for efficient neural communication and cognition. While higher order cognitive processes like working memory and selective attention have been closely linked to synchronisation patterns, there is only limited evidence of its role in cognitive control. In this study, we examine the role of oscillatory synchronisation in cognitive control using a cued-trials task-switching paradigm. We use multiple components of EEG signals to extract temporal properties of power and imaginary coherence to contrast functional connectivity differences between trials that differ in opportunity to maintain or update task-set. As our previous work has shown evidence for distinct switch-readiness and task-readiness components in cue-locked ERPs, we focussed analyses on the cue-to-target window. Methods Seventeen (7 male; mean age 26) community-dwelling volunteers took part in the current study as part of a larger project (www.age-ility.org.au). Participants performed a well-practiced cued task switching paradigm with concurrent EEG recording. EEG data were analysed offline in Matlab through a semi-automatic processing pipeline utilising Fieldtrip and EEGLab toolboxes. We performed a wavelet-based Fast-Fourier Transform on artefact-free current source density transformed trial data to investigate power differences between conditions. Functional networks were constructed from the imaginary component of coherence data and used to characterise network properties that differed between task switching conditions. Results Sustained alpha activity was observed for repeat conditions across fronto-central sites during the cue-to-target interval. At parietal sites, switch trials were associated with early theta activity and sustained alpha desynchronisation, in contrast to minimal theta and late alpha synchronisation for repeat. Discussion Using a cued task switching paradigm allowed us to dissociate preparatory processes from reactive control processes and show the relative importance of alpha and theta oscillatory synchronisation in the human EEG. We discuss the complexities of using such connectivity data to look at functional connectivity in complex cognitive paradigms. Keywords: task switching, cognitive control, functional connectivity, coherence, neural synchronisation Conference: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 28 Nov - 1 Dec, 2013. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Executive Processes Citation: Cooper PS, Wong AS, Mansfield E, Fulham WR, Michie PT and Karayanidis F (2013). Utilising alpha and theta oscillatory activity during task switching to characterise functional networks involved in cognitive control. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.212.00106 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 24 Sep 2013; Published Online: 25 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Frini Karayanidis, University of Newcastle, School of Psychology, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia, Frini.Karayanidis@newcastle.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Patrick S Cooper Aaron S Wong Elise Mansfield W. R Fulham Patricia T Michie Frini Karayanidis Google Patrick S Cooper Aaron S Wong Elise Mansfield W. R Fulham Patricia T Michie Frini Karayanidis Google Scholar Patrick S Cooper Aaron S Wong Elise Mansfield W. R Fulham Patricia T Michie Frini Karayanidis PubMed Patrick S Cooper Aaron S Wong Elise Mansfield W. R Fulham Patricia T Michie Frini Karayanidis Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
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