An investigation of Mismatch Negativity in current and ex- cannabis users using a feature controlled method
Webster FelicityBroyd SamanthaLisa‐Marie GreenwoodRodney J. CroftJuanita ToddMichie PatriciaJohnstone StuartLee-Bates BenCoyle HannahNadia Solowij
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Event Abstract Back to Event An investigation of Mismatch Negativity in current and ex- cannabis users using a feature controlled method Felicity Webster1*, Samantha Broyd1, Lisa-marie Greenwood1, Rodney Croft1, Juanita Todd2, 3, Patricia T. Michie2, 3, Stuart Johnstone1, Ben Lee-Bates1, Hannah Coyle1 and Nadia Solowij1, 3 1 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology and Psychopharmacology, Australia 2 School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia 3 Schizophrenia Research Institute, Australia Aim: The Mismatch Negativity (MMN) is a brain event-related potential marker of sensory memory and prediction error. Studies have found reduced MMN amplitude in long-term cannabis users, and in ex-cannabis users, relative to non-user controls. These groups have not been directly compared. A criticism of previous research is a lack of control for perceptual differences between the deviant and standard tone within the oddball sequence of a multifeature paradigm, which may enhance N1 and therefore overestimate MMN. The current study investigated the use of a novel, feature-controlled extraction method to further explore MMN in chronic users, ex-users and controls. Method: 39 chronic users, 16 ex-users and 44 non-user controls completed a multi-feature MMN paradigm with duration (100ms), frequency (1200Hz) and intensity (90dB) deviants (deviants 6%; standards 82%, 50ms, 1000Hz, 80dB), with runs preceded by trains of deviants presented as standards. MMN was extracted using (i) the traditional method (deviant – oddball standard) and (ii) a feature-controlled method (deviant – perceptually identical stimuli presented as standards prior to the oddball sequence). Results: A main effect of Method type indicated the traditional method produced larger MMN amplitude estimates for all groups and deviant conditions. A main effect of Group was identified for frequency MMN indicating reduced MMN in chronic users compared to controls. In ex-users, frequency MMN was reduced relative to controls using the traditional method, but only at trend level for the feature-controlled method. No differences between chronic and ex-users were identified for any deviant condition with either method. Conclusions: Reduced frequency MMN in chronic and 33-month abstinent users suggests chronic use may lead to early sensory information processing deficits that persist after cessation of use. These data demonstrate the utility of a feature-controlled method of examining MMN, and suggest the traditional method may overestimate MMN due to stimulus perceptual differences enhancing N1. Keywords: mismatch negativity, Cannabis, feature-controlled method, chronic users, ex-users Conference: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology, Wollongong, Australia, 20 Nov - 22 Nov, 2013. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Other... Citation: Webster F, Broyd S, Greenwood L, Croft R, Todd J, Michie PT, Johnstone S, Lee-Bates B, Coyle H and Solowij N (2013). An investigation of Mismatch Negativity in current and ex- cannabis users using a feature controlled method. Conference Abstract: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.213.00021 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Oct 2013; Published Online: 05 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Ms. Felicity Webster, University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology and Psychopharmacology, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, faw122@uowmail.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij Google Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij Google Scholar Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij PubMed Felicity Webster Samantha Broyd Lisa-marie Greenwood Rodney Croft Juanita Todd Patricia T Michie Stuart Johnstone Ben Lee-Bates Hannah Coyle Nadia Solowij Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.Keywords:
Oddball paradigm
Tone (literature)
In recent decades, event-related potentials have been used for the clinical electrophysiological assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs). In this paper, an oddball paradigm with two types of frequency-deviant stimulus (standard stimuli were pure tones of 1000 Hz; small deviant stimuli were pure tones of 1050 Hz; large deviant stimuli were pure tones of 1200 Hz) was applied to elicit mismatch negativity (MMN) in 30 patients with DOCs diagnosed using the JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). The results showed that the peak amplitudes of MMN elicited by both large and small deviant stimuli were significantly different from baseline. In terms of the spatial properties of MMN, a significant interaction effect between conditions (small and large deviant stimuli) and electrode nodes was centered at the frontocentral area. Furthermore, correlation coefficients were calculated between MMN amplitudes and CRS-R scores for each electrode among all participants to generate topographic maps. Meanwhile, a significant negative correlation between the MMN amplitudes elicited by large deviant stimuli and the CRS-R scores was also found at the frontocentral area. In consequence, our results combine the above spatial properties of MMN in patients with DOCs, and provide a more precise location (frontocentral area) at which to evaluate the correlation between clinical electrophysiological assessment and the level of consciousness.
Oddball paradigm
Persistent vegetative state
Evoked potential
Contingent negative variation
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Negativity effect
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Oddball paradigm
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Negativity effect
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Negativity effect
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Background:
Impaired P300 (P3) generation is one of the most robust indices of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. This study investigates the integrity of cognitive eventrelated potentials that precede P3 in an "oddball" paradigm to determine the earliest stages at which auditory information processing is impaired in schizophrenia.Methods:
Cognitive event-related potential components including mismatch negativity (MMN), N2, and P3 were recorded from subjects with chronic schizophrenia who were receiving medication (n=20), from those who were withdrawn from drug treatment (n=11), and from healthy volunteers (n=11) during an auditory oddball paradigm. Recordings were made in both passive and active response conditions. The MMN, N2, and P3 amplitudes were compared across groups and the degree of MMN deficit was correlated with the degree of P3 reduction as a function of diagnostic group.Results:
Schizophrenic subjects showed severe impairments in the generation of MMN and N2 as well as P3. Across groups, the decrement in MMN amplitude correlated significantly with the decrement in P3 amplitude. There were no significant between-group differences in MMN topography.Conclusions:
The present study demonstrates that the neurophysiological deficits associated with schizophrenia, as reflected in cognitive event-related potential generation, are pervasive, extending even to the level of the sensory cortex. Mismatch negativity indexes the functioning of an automatic alerting mechanism designed to stimulate individuals to explore unexpected environmental events. Dysfunction of this mechanism may contribute to the deficit state associated with schizophrenia.Oddball paradigm
Sensory memory
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Abstract In humans, automatic change detection is reflected by an electrical brain response called mismatch negativity (MMN). Mismatch response is also elicited in mice, but it is unclear to what extent it is functionally similar to human MMN. We investigated this possible similarity by recording local field potentials from the auditory cortex of anesthetized mice. First, we tested whether the response to stimulus changes reflected the detection of regularity violations or adaptation to standard stimuli. Responses obtained from an oddball condition, where occasional changes in frequency were presented amongst of a standard sound, were compared to responses obtained from a control condition, where no regularities existed. To test whether the differential response to the deviant sounds in the oddball condition is dependent on sensory memory, responses from the oddball condition using 375 ms and 600 ms inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) were compared. We found a differential response to deviant sounds which was larger with the shorter than the longer ISI. Furthermore, the oddball deviant sound elicited larger response than the same sound in the control condition. These results demonstrate that the mismatch response in mice reflects detection of regularity violations and sensory memory function, as the human MMN.
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When the brain tries to acquire an elaborate model of the world, multisensory integration should contribute to building predictions based on the various pieces of information, and deviance detection should repeatedly update these predictions by detecting “errors” from the actual sensory inputs. Accumulating evidence such as a hierarchical organization of the deviance-detection system indicates that the deviance-detection system can be interpreted in the predictive coding framework. Herein, we targeted mismatch negativity (MMN) as a type of prediction-error signal and investigated the relationship between multisensory integration and MMN. In particular, we studied whether and how cross-modal information processing affected MMN in rodents. We designed a new surface microelectrode array and simultaneously recorded visual and auditory evoked potentials from the visual and auditory cortices of rats under anesthesia. Then, we mapped MMNs for five types of deviant stimuli: single-modal deviants in (i) the visual oddball and (ii) auditory oddball paradigms, eliciting single-modal MMN; (iii) congruent audio-visual deviants, (iv) incongruent visual deviants, and (v) incongruent auditory deviants in the audio-visual oddball paradigm, eliciting cross-modal MMN. First, we demonstrated that visual MMN exhibited deviance detection properties and that the first-generation focus of visual MMN was localized in the visual cortex, as previously reported in human studies. Second, a comparison of MMN amplitudes revealed a non-linear relationship between single-modal and cross-modal MMNs. Moreover, congruent audio-visual MMN exhibited characteristics of both visual and auditory MMNs—its latency was similar to that of auditory MMN, whereas local blockage of N -methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors in the visual cortex diminished it as well as visual MMN. These results indicate that cross-modal information processing affects MMN without involving strong top-down effects, such as those of prior knowledge and attention. The present study is the first electrophysiological evidence of cross-modal MMN in animal models, and future studies on the neural mechanisms combining multisensory integration and deviance detection are expected to provide electrophysiological evidence to confirm the links between MMN and predictive coding theory.
Oddball paradigm
Magnetoencephalography
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Oddball paradigm
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P3a
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Event Abstract Back to Event The role of stimulus train length in mismatch negativity (MMN) abnormalities in schizophrenia: A comparison of the 'roving' and 'oddball' MMN paradigms Sumie Leung1, Lisa-marie Greenwood1, Patricia Michie2, 3 and Rodney Croft4* 1 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Australia 2 University of Newcastle, School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, Australia 3 Schizophrenia Research Institute, Australia 4 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients exhibit attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) relative to controls. Although most MMN studies have employed an oddball paradigm, a 'roving' paradigm has also been used to assess memory trace formation in SCZ, with evidence suggesting that the build-up of this trace is important to the disorder. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this memory trace effect differs between controls and patients, and whether it is a better differentiator of group status than MMN from a traditional oddball paradigm. EEG data from 16 SCZ patients and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recorded during a roving (trains of 4, 8 or 24 standards, prior to a duration-deviant, where each train differed in frequency), and a multi-feature oddball paradigm (Standards - 50ms, 100Hz, 80dB; Duration deviant - 100ms; Frequency deviant - 1100Hz). Peak amplitudes were measured from MMN waveforms (roving and duration oddball only). Memory trace results were analysed with mixed design polynomial contrasts, and paradigm comparisons using mixed design simple contrasts (oddball vs linear; oddball vs quadratic). Roving MMN increased linearly (p=0.008) but not quadratically with train length (combined groups), and overall MMN was reduced in patients (p=0.028). However, the linear increase did not differ between the groups. A quadratic interaction was found (p=0.04), due to greater group differentiation for 8-train MMN. Relative to oddball MMN, no advantage was found in differentiating groups with the linear increase memory trace effect, whereas the quadratic change in MMN over train length was a better predictor of group status (p=0.011). These results suggest that train length is important in SCZ/MMN research, with the train length/MMN relation a better predictor of group status than oddball MMN. Further research is required to clarify the contributing factors to this finding, including the relative importance of standards and deviants to the relation. Keywords: Schizophrenia, MMN, mismatch negativity, Roving, Train length Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Memory and Learning Citation: Leung S, Greenwood L, Michie P and Croft R (2015). The role of stimulus train length in mismatch negativity (MMN) abnormalities in schizophrenia: A comparison of the 'roving' and 'oddball' MMN paradigms. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00153 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Prof. Rodney Croft, University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia, rcroft@uow.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft Google Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft Google Scholar Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft PubMed Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
Oddball paradigm
Engram
Sensory memory
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Aims: The Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential (ERP) which provides an index of automatic context-dependent information processing and auditory sensory memory. MMN studies using traditional „oddball“ paradigms (e.g. 80% standards, 20% deviants) replicated deficits in preattentive information processing especially in schizophrenia. In a so-called „optimum“ paradigm with only 50% standards but 50% deviants (Näätänen et al. 2003) MMN responses are still maintained but assessment time is considerably shortened with advantage of investigating several deviants simultaneously. The present study compared the „oddball“ with the „optimum“ paradigm as well as EEG and MEG measures. We hypothesized the highest sensitivity in the „optimum“ paradigm with MEG, i.e. the best signal-to-noise ratio.
Oddball paradigm
Magnetoencephalography
Sensory memory
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