Aggregate materials used in asphalt mixture is based on assumption which is materials came from the same sources, quality, and heaving the same specific gravity or almost same. There for the used of alternative filler in HRS mixture need to examinated to find filler content that produce the optimum asphalt content as reference of mix performance. This research conducted to HRS-Wearing Course type. Kind of alternative fillers in this research are hydrated lime filler and slag nickel filler. Material testing based on AASHTO/ASTM standard while filler content variation of hydrated lime filler and slag nickel filler are 1%; 3%; 5%; 7% and 9%. At each variation of comparison filler was made sample by asphalt content : 6,0%; 6,5%; 7,0%; 7,5% and 8,0%. Each specimen conducted the examination through the Marshall Test apparatus. Determination of the optimum asphalt content based on the narrow range method, conformed to the 2002 specifications of Kimpraswil Department. Result researched found that using filler content of 7% of hydrated lime can produce the optimum asphalt content (7.63%) and using filler content of 1% of slag nickel can produce the optimum asphalt content (6,75%). Stability value compare to dust filler is higher (1910.41 kg) than hydrated lime (1489.20 kg) and slag nickel filler (1525.40 kg) The value that is obtained from both fillers substitution is still fulfill the 2002 specifications of Kimpraswil Department for HRS-WC that is stability value recommended more than 800 kg. Key Words : filler, nickel slag, hydrated lime, HRS Mixture
Production of nickel slag waste from PT. Antam Pomalaa currently reaches 1 million tons/year. One effort to reduce the waste is by using it as an aggregate of concrete mixtures. However, the use of substandard agglomerates (nickel slags) to replace natural aggregates as a whole has not been possible
This study investigates the properties of substandard limestone aggregates sourced from a quarry in Meleura Village, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, and explores their potential use in concrete applications. The aggregates were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess their chemical composition, crystalline phases, and microstructural features. The XRF analysis revealed significant silica content, while XRD identified calcite, quartz, and dolomite as the primary phases. SEM analysis showed notable porosity and microcracks, indicating potential weaknesses. Despite these challenges, the study suggests that with appropriate treatments, such as the use of supplementary cementitious materials, these aggregates could be effectively utilized in concrete, contributing to sustainable construction practices. The findings underscore the importance of targeted reinforcement strategies to enhance aggregate performance and recommend further research on long-term durability and environmental impacts.
Abstract In large dams, the reservoir water level will become a large hydrostatic pressure and reduce the effective stress due to the effect of seepage on the dam body. The total stress that occurs can cause deformation in the dam body to exceed the allowable deformation. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the deformation of the dam to know the stability of the dam. This research aimed to analyze the deformation of the dam in a steady-state seepage condition. The reservoir water level was modeled on minimum, normal, and flooded water levels. The deformation was analyzed using the three-dimension finite element method. Deformation analysis results show that the deformation increased when the reservoir water level increased. Significant deformation increase occurred in x-direction deformation i.e. 0.27 m at minimum water level, 0.55 m at normal water level and 0.55 m at flooded water level. The deformation obtained from the analysis still required the maximum deformation criteria of 2 m, which is half of the freeboard.
Abstract Slag nickel is a by-product which causes environmental degradation and conventional slag is widely used as coarse aggregate in concrete. This research, therefore, used the newest slag type (FeNi4) from PT Antam Pomalaa as fine aggregate in natural sand and determine the effect of the combination on the optimum compressive strength of concrete. Moreover, the results obtained were compared with the use of only natural sand in concrete. The procedure involved varying the percentage of the slag mixed with the natural sand by weight at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with each sample designed to have minimum compressive strength higher than 20 MPa at 28 days. Furthermore, a compressive strength test was conducted to determine the optimum combination to achieve the best value and the results showed 25% of nickel slag variation to be the best while other variations, 50%, 75%, and 100%, experienced a reduction of 8.96%, 11.85%, and 12.19% respectively in comparison with the normal concrete. This, therefore, means the use of Ferro-nickel slag (FeNi4) has the ability to increase the strength and reduce the weight of concrete.
Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Oktober 2021 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui luasan kawasan hutan yang telah teralih fungsi di hulu Sungai Sabilambo dan Sungai Balandete dan pengaruhnya terhadap potensi peningkatan debit banjir di kedua sungai tersebut serta alternatif mitigasi yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah dampak negatif akibat kegiatan alih fungsi tersebut. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi kepada semua pihak yang terkait dengan kegiatan alih fungsi lahan didalam kawasan hutan. Kebutuhan data antara lain data curah hujan, data debit sungai, peta kawasan hutan serta peta tutupan lahan yang dihasilkan dari analisis data SPOT 6/7 perekaman tahun 2013 dan 2017 yang bersumber dari LAPAN dibuat dengan menggunakan metode maximum livelihood classification, dianalisis dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari analisis tersebut diperoleh bahwa pada tahun 2013 kawasan hutan yang teralih fungsi sebesar 7.34 % dan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 21,66%. terindikasi telah teralih fungsi ini adalah nilai TSS permukaan di Perairan Teluk Kendari tertinggi berada di sekitar aliran Sungai Wanggu berkisar antara 760-781 mg/L, sedangkan terendah berada di mulut teluk yaitu berkisar antara 672-693 mg/L. Kecepatan arus adalah parameter kualitas air yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap distribusi total suspended solid di Teluk Kendari.
Kata Kunci : alih fungsi, kawasan hutan, sungai, debit banjir
One of the industrial wastes of the B3 category is nickel slag. PT. Antam Pomalaa produces nickel slag annually of 1 million tons. It has been widely used as an embankment material or reclamation. This waste is hazardous for the environment if not used. An attempt to utilize it is to use it as an aggregate for no-fine concrete. In this research, no-fine concrete is designed by variations of cement ratio to slag. Unit weight and specific gravity test of slag aggregate were performed to calculate the use of nickel slag in a no-fine concrete mixture. The design of no-fine concrete was 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 6, 1: 8, and 1; 10 by a water-cement ratio of 0.4. The samples of no-fine concrete were made in a 15x15x15 cm cube, with 3 samples of each variation. All the samples were cured for 28 days in the water. Compression tests were performed to analyze the compressive strength of no-fine concrete. The results showed slag nickel (FeNi3) increase unit weight and compressive strength of no-fine concrete. For practical uses no-fine concrete slag (NFC-S) of 1:6 qualifies as a material for city parks, while ratio 1:4 qualifies pavements for pedestrians.
ABSTRAKSlag nikel (FeNi4) adalah jenis terbaru dengan ukuran butiran mendekati pasir (lolos No. 8). Jumlah buangan slag nikel telah mencapai 1 juta ton pada tahun 2018, sehingga berbahaya bagi lingkungan jika tidak dimanfaatkan secara luas. Disisi lain kebutuhan agregat halus campuran aspal jenis Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS-WC) sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan slag nikel FeNi4 sebagai agregat pada campuran aspal jenis HRS.Slag nikel (FeNi4) diperoleh dari PT. Antam Pomalaa. Penelitian dirancang dengan tiga variasi penggunaan slag terhadap agregat halus standar yaitu Variasi 1 (0/100%); Variasi 2 (50/50%); dan Variasi 3 (100/0%). Penyetaraan berat jenis dilakukan untuk menghitung jumlah slag yang digunakan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 45 sampel dan diuji menggunakan alat Marshall Test. Spesifikasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian mengacu pada Bina Marga 2010.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada benda uji Variasi 2 (50/50%) masih diperoleh kadar aspal optimum sebesar 6,319%, hampir sama dengan kadar aspal optimum benda uji kontrol sebesar 6,331%, namun dengan range kadar aspal yang lebih sempit. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa slag nikel FeNi4 sangat berpotensi digunakan dalam campuran HRS-WC namun dibatasi sampai 50%. Penelitian lanjutan dapat lakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik campuran HRS-WC pada penggunaan slag nikel FeNi4 dibawah 50%. Kata Kunci : Slag, Antam, Nikel, Aspal, AgregatABSTRACTNickel slag (FeNi4) is the latest type that was close to sand material (pass No.8). The amount of nickel slag discharges reached 1 million tons in 2018, making it dangerous for the environment if not widely used. On the other hand, the need for fine aggregate asphalt mix type Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS) is very high. This study aims to determine the potential use of FeNi4 nickel slag as fine aggregate in the HRS mixture.Nickel slag (FeNi4) obtained from PT. Antam Pomalaa. The study was designed with three variations of the use of slag against standard fine aggregates, namely Variation 1 (0/100%); Variation 2 (50/50%); and Variation 3 (100/0%). Equal density is done to calculate the number of slags used. The total sample is 45 samples and tested using Marshall Test. The specifications used in the study refer to the 2010 Bina Marga.The results showed that Variation 2 (50/50%) of the specimens were still obtained optimum asphalt content of 6.319%, almost the same as the optimum asphalt content of control specimens of 6.331%, but with a narrower range of asphalt content. These findings indicate that FeNi4 nickel slag is very potentially used in HRS-WC mixtures but is limited to 50%. Further research can be done to determine the characteristics of the HRS-WC mixture on the use of FeNi4 nickel slag below 50%. Keywords : Slag, Antam, Nickel, Asphalt, Aggregate
