A. Garau

Universidade do Porto

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Vito Lippolis

University of Cagliari

F.A. Devillanova

University of Cagliari

Alexander J. Blake

University of Nottingham

Francesco Isaia

University of Cagliari

G. Verani

University of Cagliari

Massimiliano Arca

University of Cagliari

Claire Wilson

University of Glasgow

M. Carla Aragoni

University of Cagliari

Lorenzo Tei

Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”

Carlos M. Pereira

Universidade do Porto

Cooperative Institutions

University of Cagliari

Universidade do Porto

Universidade Nova de Lisboa

University of Florence

Rede de Química e Tecnologia

University of Southampton

University of Lisbon

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari

Razi University

University of Nottingham

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Ancient ‘gilded’ art objects from European cultural heritage: a review on different scales of characterization

Surface and Interface Analysis (2011)

Irina Crina Anca Sandu A. Garau M.F.C. Pereira

Abstract This paper is a review on the studies performed through imaging and spectroscopy‐based analytical methods on ancient ‘gilded’ art‐objects (9th–19th centuries) from the European cultural heritage. The review takes into consideration the gilded surfaces in polychrome art objects (easel and mural paintings, polychrome wooden objects, gilt leather and parchment), thus meaning the materials and techniques of application of gold or its imitations (silver, copper leaves, other metal alloys) from technical, analytical and conservation points of view. The characterization of artistic gilded objects is important for establishing the compositional, structural, morphological and physical–chemical parameters useful for monitoring the conservation state, behavior and evolution in time of their aging/degradation/deterioration processes, the restoration treatments (cleaning, consolidation, retouching, varnishing) influence on the conservation state of the original materials and also for a rationale choice of methods and materials of intervention, compatible with the original ones. The analytical approach has, as main requirement, to be noninvasive and non‐ or microdestructive, therefore, sampling is to be avoided or reduced to a minimum. A wide range of imaging and spectroscopy‐based techniques is nowadays available from optical microscopy, UV fluorescence photography, IR reflectography, X‐radiography, thermography, to scanning/transmission/environmental electron microscopy (SEM/TEM, E‐SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR and Raman microscopy (micro‐FTIR, micro‐Raman), X‐ray spectrometry (WDXRF/EDXRF/TXRF, XPS), Ion Beam Analyses (PIXE/PIGE, RBS, SR), etc. The most reliable and complete information can be obtained from an integrated, complementary and interdisciplinary approach, but microscopy still remains one of the most used and efficient tools in the characterization of gilding materials and their application techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Polychrome

Characterization

Conservation

10.1002/sia.3740

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Citations (101)

Passive direct methanol fuel cells as a sustainable alternative to batteries in hearing aid devices – An overview

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2022)

A. Garau A.M.F.R. Pinto V.B. Oliveira

Hearing aids are medical devices used to overcome the deficits associated with hearing loss, the commonest sensory disability, which is neither curable nor reversible. The World Health Organization estimates that over 6% of the world's population have disabling hearing loss. Therefore, more and more hard of hearing people benefit from hearing aids and thus, the hearing aids manufactures rely on the most recent advances in technology to provide devices with advanced features, allowing better communication and overall better lifestyle of hearing aid users and society as a whole. These efforts are accompanied by both power and size considerations, and nowadays the most common options rely on Zn-air battery and rechargeable Li-ion and Ag–Zn batteries. However, the passive direct methanol fuel cell is an emergent alternative technology, as sustainable power source for compact portable electronic applications. This is particularly useful in developing countries and isolated areas where the grid to recharge the batteries is unreliable or unavailable, physically or economically. This paper intends to give an overview on the technological issues associated with modern hearing aids power-up options, their societal impact and the R&D challenges direct methanol fuel cell need to overcome in the pursuit of more sustainable and efficient devices. As it is discussed, these can provide a market niche for innovative passive direct methanol fuel cell deployment and commercialization, in order to respond to societal and medical industry requirements.

Hearing aid

Methanol fuel

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.146

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Citations (35)

CCDC 119711: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

The Cambridge Structural Database (1999)

Alexander J. Blake J. Casabó F.A. Devillanova L. Escriche A. Garau

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

10.5517/cc40knb

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Citations (0)

Boosted carbon electrocatalytic effect towards sensing and green energy applications by tailoring the catalyst-support interface on a nature-inspired solution

Electrochimica Acta (2024)

A. Garau Renata Costa Carlos M. Pereira

Interface (matter)

Carbon fibers

10.1016/j.electacta.2024.143980

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Citations (2)

Selective transport of silver ion through a supported liquid membrane using some mixed aza-thioether crowns containing a 1,10-phenanthroline sub-unit as specific ion carriers

Journal of Membrane Science (2003)

Mojtaba Shamsipur Sayed Yahya Kazemi Gholamhassan Azimi S.S. Madaeni Vito Lippolis

Thioether

10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00604-x

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Citations (48)

CCDC 666731: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

The Cambridge Structural Database (2008)

M. Carla Aragoni Massimiliano Arca Andrea Bencini A.J. Blake Carlo Caltagirone

10.5517/ccqcsg9

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Citations (0)

Experimental and First Principles Study of the Ni-Ti-W System

Materials science forum (2012)

A. Garau I. Isomäki Jorge A. Ferreira Marko Hämäläinen Maria Helena Braga

Nickel based superalloys are structural materials with a chemical composition and structure which has been developed to enable good high temperature performances leading to a wider range of applications. Their unique properties are due to their microstructure characterized by the coexistence of L1 2 -ordered intermetallic precipitates like Ni 3 Al or Ni 3 Ti - g’ phase - in a face-centered cubic nickel based solid solution matrix, (Ni) - g phase. Solid solution strengthening at high temperatures can also be provided by the addition of refractory alloying elements, like tungsten, W. Therefore, the mechanical properties behaviour of the alloys is very strongly related to their composition and microstructures. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of composition and microstructures in a series of Ni-rich prototype alloys, Ni 100-2x –Ti x –W x (in which x is in at.%), in order to understand and ultimately optimize the performance of these materials. The adopted strategy was to combine experimental studies using Neutron Diffraction, Electron Probe Micro Analysis – EPMA, Differential Scanning Calorimeter – DSC and micro-hardness measurements, with first principles calculations for structure optimization and Gibbs energies at different temperatures, for each phase, leading to thermodynamic assessment.

CALPHAD

Solid solution strengthening

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.775

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Citations (5)

Helical templating of polyiodide networks at a binuclear metallo complexElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: synthetic details, crystal data (CCDC 198624 and 198625 in CIF format) and views of the C–H⋯I and H⋯I interactions between I62– and I3– and the cationic component in 2. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b211743f/.

Chemical Communications (2003)

C. Horn Alexander J. Blake Neil R. Champness A. Garau Vito Lippolis

A homobimetallic supramolecular helicate has been prepared from a new multimodal ligand, and used to template the formation of two polyiodide networks, one containing an unprecedented figure-of-eight polyiodide helix, the other dominated by peripheral C–H⋯I polyiodide chain interactions.

Helix (gastropod)

Crystal (programming language)

10.1039/b211743f

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Citations (38)

The surface behavior of gilding layer imitations on polychrome artefacts of cultural heritage

Surface and Interface Analysis (2011)

Irina Crina Anca Sandu Tito Busani A. Garau

Abstract This paper proposes the first results of a larger study on the behavior of gilded surfaces of polychrome heritage artefacts with the aim to understanding the surface patterns and roughness variations before and after specific treatments (burnishing and varnishing). This study can be useful to trace correlations between the compositional features, manufacturing and applications/elaboration processes of gilding layers and the pattern of the surface topography, and also some insights into the degradation/corrosion mechanisms. The results obtained on imitations of gilded surfaces can be further useful for recognizing fake surfaces in the authentication of artefacts from the antiquity markets. Two types of commercial imitations of gilded surfaces on a wooden support were considered: liquid ‘gold’ (Cu‐Zn powder in a solvent) and ‘gold’ leaf (Cu‐Zn leaf) applied over bole and gesso layers. A combined analytical approach using atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy (OM) and colorimetry (CIE L*a*b* system) was applied in order to better understand the behavior of the gilded‐varnished surface and of the interface between the metal surface and the other preparative layers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Polychrome

Burnishing (metal)

10.1002/sia.3796

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Citations (18)

CCDC 151109: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

The Cambridge Structural Database (2000)

F.A. Devillanova A. Garau F. Isaia Vito Lippolis G. Verani

10.5517/cc527hy

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Citations (0)