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A Gram-stain-negative, orange-coloured, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Th68 T , was isolated from the intestine of flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ). The isolate required sea salts for growth. Gliding motility was not observed. Flexirubin-type pigments were present. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain Th68 T represented a distinct phyletic line within the family Flavobacteriaceae with less than 96.1 % similarity to members of the recognized genera of the family. The DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the only respiratory quinone. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain Th68 T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Flavirhabdus iliipiscaria gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Flavirhabdus iliipiscaria is Th68 T ( = JCM 18637 T = KCTC 32141 T ).
To explore the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) antibody to block lung injury and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) expression in the rats with brain ischemia.Thirty nine SD rats were divided into sham group, brain ischemia lung injury (BILI) group, and BDNF antibody treated group. Inflammatory lung injury was induced by brain ischemia in the later two groups, and BDNF antibody was given through intraperitoneal injection to the rats for 3 days in BDNF antibody group. Lung tissue samples were harvested from the rats in each group at the 3rd day after brain ischemia. Lung edema degree was evaluated by HE staining. The protein expressions of IL-1beta in the lung tissues were measured by the methods of immunohistochemistry (n=5) and Western blot (n=8).The increased immunostaining of IL-1beta were found in the lung tissue at 3 days after brain ischemia, which indicated the upregulated expression of IL-1beta protein in the lung injury induced by cerebral ischemia. The block of BDNF antibody resulted in a significant decrease of IL-1beta expression, as well as the decrease of lung edema.BDNF, as a crucial factor, could regulate airway inflammation injury in brain ischemia rats via activating IL-1beta expression.
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic strain, designated as MTEO17T, was isolated from a 1000 m deep seawater sample of the Mariana Trench. Growth was observed at 10-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), in the presence of 0.0-12.0 % NaCl (w/v; optimum, 3.0 %) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0). Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain MTEO17T belonged to the genus Alcanivorax and showed the highest sequence similarity of 97.9 % to Alcanivorax nanhaiticus MCCC 1A05629T. The estimated average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain MTEO17T and A. nanhaiticus MCCC 1A05629T were 78.98 and 23.80 %, respectively. The significant dominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The polar lipids comprised two phosphatidylethanolamines, one phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain MTEO17T was 57.5 %. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, strain MTEO17T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Alcanivorax, for which the name Alcanivorax profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MTEO17T (=KCTC 52694T=MCCC 1K03252T).
Hybrid sterility restricts the utilization of superior heterosis of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrids. In this study, we report the identification of RHS12, a major locus controlling male gamete sterility in indica-japonica hybrid rice. We show that RHS12 consists of two genes (iORF3/DUYAO and iORF4/JIEYAO) that confer preferential transmission of the RHS12-i type male gamete into the progeny, thereby forming a natural gene drive. DUYAO encodes a mitochondrion-targeted protein that interacts with OsCOX11 to trigger cytotoxicity and cell death, whereas JIEYAO encodes a protein that reroutes DUYAO to the autophagosome for degradation via direct physical interaction, thereby detoxifying DUYAO. Evolutionary trajectory analysis reveals that this system likely formed de novo in the AA genome Oryza clade and contributed to reproductive isolation (RI) between different lineages of rice. Our combined results provide mechanistic insights into the genetic basis of RI as well as insights for strategic designs of hybrid rice breeding.
Objective To investigate the effects of lasR/rhlR gene on Foxp3, TGF-β1 and IL-10 of lung tissue in rat tracheal intubation model with biofilm infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aer) wild strain (PAO1) and quorum sensing (QS) deficient strain (ΔlasRΔrhlR). Methods Twenty-one SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (7 each): ΔlasRΔrhlR-treated group, PAO1-treated group and sterile control group. Biofilms (BF) were cultured in vitro, and the BF coated tube (infected respectively with Ps. aer PAO1 strain, ΔlasRΔrhlR strain, or with asepsis) was inserted into the trachea to establish the rat model. The rats were sacrificed on the 7th day after intubation. Colony count of lung tissue homogenate (cfu) and lung HE staining were performed, and IL-10 content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), TGF-β1 in lung tissue, and the expression of Foxp3 mRNA in lung cells were determined. Results The bacterial counts were significantly higher in PAO1 and ΔlasRΔrhlR groups than that in sterile control group, and the counts were obviously higher in PAO1 group (10 400.00±6313.70/g lung tissue) than that in ΔlasRΔrhlR group (975.00±559.97/g lung tissue, P<0.05). There was no significant pathological changes in lung tissue in sterile control group, while the bronchi and blood vessels in PAO1 group were infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells and complicated with alveolar septum thickening and local abscess and necrosis. The pathological changes were milder in ΔlasRΔrhlR group than in PAO1 group; the expression of Foxp3 mRNA was higher in the two Ps. aer infected groups than that in sterile control group (0.65±0.32), and it was significantly higher in PAO1 group (4.62±1.07) than in ΔlasRΔrhlR group (2.15±1.43, P<0.05). The accumulated optical density value of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in the two Ps. aer infected groups than in sterile control group (3721.66±1412.95), and significantly higher in PAO1 group (65 090.56±33 956.54) than that in ΔlasRΔrhlR group (28 861.99±10 826.96, P<0.05); the level of IL-10 was significantly higher in the two Ps. aer infected groups than in that of sterile control group (57.43±22.13ng/ ml), and significantly higher in PAO1 group (188.07±57.01ng/ml) than in ΔlasRΔrhlR group (93.31±17.26ng/ml, P<0.05). Conclusion Ps. aer QS system lasR/rhlR gene may promote inflammation, up-regulate the Foxp3 expression and increase the TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels in lung tissue, which may prompt the protraction and persistence of infection.
DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2016.02.04
Foxtail millet has been traditionally considered to possess gastroprotective effects, but studies evaluating its use as a treatment for gastric ulcers are lacking. Here, we assessed the antiulcer effects of foxtail millet protein hydrolysate (FPH) and explored its mechanism by using blocking agents. In a mouse model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, pretreatment with FPH reduced the ulcerative lesion index, downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and improved the oxidative status. FPH increased constitutive the activity of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), NO levels, and mucin expression in gastric mucosa, and inhibited the activation of the ET-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In a mouse model of pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers, FPH inhibited gastric acid secretion and decreased the activity of gastric protease. Pretreatment of mice with the sulfhydryl blocker NEM and the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME abolished the gastroprotective effect of FPH, but not the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide and the PGE2 synthesis blocker indomethacin. Among the peptides identified in FPH, 10 peptides were predicted to have regulatory effects on the gastric mucosa, and the key sequences were GP and PG. The results confirmed the gastroprotective effect of FPH and revealed that its mechanism was through the regulation of gastric mucosal mucus and NO synthesis. This study supports the health effects of a millet-enriched diet and provides a basis for millet protein as a functional food to improve gastric ulcers and its related oxidative stress.
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