The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is an optical/near-infrared multifiber spectrograph with 2394 science fibers distributed across a 1.3-deg diameter field of view at the Subaru 8.2-m telescope. The wide wavelength coverage from 0.38 μm to 1.26 μm, with a resolving power of 3000, simultaneously strengthens its ability to target three main survey programs: cosmology, galactic archaeology and galaxy/AGN evolution. A medium resolution mode with a resolving power of 5000 for 0.71 μm to 0.89 μm will also be available by simply exchanging dispersers. We highlight some of the technological aspects of the design. To transform the telescope focal ratio, a broad-band coated microlens is glued to each fiber tip. A higher transmission fiber is selected for the longest part of the cable system, optimizing overall throughput; a fiber with low focal ratio degradation is selected for the fiber-positioner and fiber-slit components, minimizing the effects of fiber movements and fiber bending. Fiber positioning will be performed by a positioner consisting of two stages of piezo-electric rotary motors. The positions of these motors are measured by taking an image of artificially back-illuminated fibers with the metrology camera located in the Cassegrain container; the fibers are placed in the proper location by iteratively measuring and then adjusting the positions of the motors. Target light reaches one of the four identical fast-Schmidt spectrograph modules, each with three arms. The PFS project has passed several project-wide design reviews and is now in the construction phase.
We have surveyed a complete extent of Leo A—an apparently isolated gas-rich low-mass dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group. The B, V, and I passband CCD images (typical seeing ∼08) were obtained with the Subaru Telescope equipped with the Suprime-Cam mosaic camera. The wide-field (20' × 24') photometry catalog of 38,856 objects (V ∼ 16–26 mag) is presented. This survey is also intended to serve as "a finding chart" for future imaging and spectroscopic observation programs of Leo A.
Design concept of the fiber multi-object spectrograph (FMOS) for Subaru Telescope together with innovative ideas of optical and structural components is presented. Main features are; i) wide field coverage of 30 arcmin in diameter, ii) 400 target multiplicity, iii) 0.9 to 1.8 micrometers near-IR wavelengths, and iv) OH-airglow suppression capability. The instrument is proposed to be built under the Japan-UK-Australia international collaboration scheme.
The Fiber Optical Cable and Connector System (FOCCoS), provides optical connection between 2400 positioners and a set of spectrographs by an optical fibers cable as part of Subaru PFS instrument. Each positioner retains one fiber entrance attached at a microlens, which is responsible for the F-ratio transformation into a larger one so that difficulties of spectrograph design are eased. The optical fibers cable will be segmented in 3 parts at long of the way, cable A, cable B and cable C, connected by a set of multi-fibers connectors. Cable B will be permanently attached at the Subaru telescope. The first set of multi-fibers connectors will connect the cable A to the cable C from the spectrograph system at the Nasmith platform. The cable A, is an extension of a pseudo-slit device obtained with the linear disposition of the extremities of the optical fibers and fixed by epoxy at a base of composite substrate. The second set of multi-fibers connectors will connect the other extremity of cable A to the cable B, which is part of the positioner's device structure. The optical fiber under study for this project is the Polymicro FBP120170190, which has shown very encouraging results. The kind of test involves FRD measurements caused by stress induced by rotation and twist of the fiber extremity, similar conditions to those produced by positioners of the PFS instrument. The multi-fibers connector under study is produced by USCONEC Company and may connect 32 optical fibers. The tests involve throughput of light and stability after many connections and disconnections. This paper will review the general design of the FOCCoS subsystem, methods used to fabricate the devices involved and the tests results necessary to evaluate the total efficiency of the set.
We present a spectroscopic study of the globular clusters (GCs) in the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4636 in the Virgo Cluster. We selected target GC candidates using the Washington photometry derived from the deep CCD images taken at the KPNO 4 m Telescope. Then we obtained the spectra of 164 target objects in the field of NGC 4636 using the Multi-Object Spectroscopy mode of Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope. We have measured the velocities for 122 objects: 105 GCs in NGC 4636, the nucleus of NGC 4636, 11 foreground stars, two background galaxies, and three probable intracluster GCs in the Virgo Cluster. The GCs in NGC 4636 are located in the projected galactocentric radius within 10' (corresponding to 43 kpc). The measured velocities for the GCs range from ∼300 km s−1 to ∼1600 km s−1, with a mean value of 932+25−22 km s−1, which is in good agreement with the velocity for the nucleus of NGC 4636, 928 ± 45 km s−1. The velocity dispersion of the GCs in NGC 4636 is derived to be 231+15−17 km s−1, and the velocity dispersion of the blue GCs is slightly larger than that of the red GCs. Combining our results with data in the literature, we produce a master catalog of radial velocities for 238 GCs in NGC 4636. The velocity dispersion of the GCs in the master catalog is found to be 225+12−9 km s−1 for the entire sample, 251+18−12 km s−1 for 108 blue GCs, and 205+11−13 km s−1 for 130 red GCs.
Abstract We present spectroscopy results of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z$\sim$5 in the J0053$+$1234 field. Among five bright candidates with z$'$$\;<\;$25.0 mag, two objects are confirmed to be at z$\;\sim\;$5. The equivalent widths (EWs) of Ly$\alpha$ emission of the 2 LBGs are not so strong as to be detected as Ly$\alpha$ emitters, and one of them shows strong low-ionization interstellar (LIS) metal absorption lines. Two faint objects with z$'$$\geq$25.0 mag are also confirmed to be at z$\;\sim\;$5, and their spectra show strong Ly$\alpha$ emission in contrast to bright ones. These results suggest a deficiency of strong Ly$\alpha$ emission in bright LBGs at z$\;\sim\;$5, as discussed in our previous paper. Combined with our previous spectra of LBGs at z$\;\sim\;$5, obtained around the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N), we made a composite spectrum of luminous ($M_{1400} \leq -$21.5 mag) LBGs at z$\;\sim\;$5. The resultant spectrum shows weak Ly$\alpha$ emission and strong LIS absorptions, which suggest that the bright LBGs at z$\;\sim\;$5 have chemically evolved at least to $\sim$0.1 solar metallicity. For a part of our sample in the HDF-N region, we obtained near-to-mid infrared data, which constrain the stellar masses of these objects. With the stellar mass and the metallicity estimated from the LIS absorptions, the metallicities of the LBGs at z$\;\sim\;$5 tend to be lower than those of galaxies with the same stellar mass at z$\lesssim 2$, although the uncertainty is very large.
We present results of optical spectroscopic observations of candidates of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at $z \sim 5$ in the region including the GOODS-N and the J0053+1234 region by using GMOS-N and GMOS-S, respectively. Among 25 candidates, five objects are identified to be at $z \sim 5$ (two of them were already identified by an earlier study) and one object very close to the color-selection window turned out to be a foreground galaxy. With this spectroscopically identified sample and those from previous studies, we derived the lower limits on the number density of bright ($M_{UV}
In this Letter, we examine whether tidal forces exerted by the Galaxy or M31 have an influence on the Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph's) that are their companions. We focus on the surface brightness profiles of the dSph's, especially their core radii, because it is suggested, based on the numerical simulations, that tidal disturbance can make core radii extended. We examine the correlation for the dSph's between the distances from their parent galaxy (the Galaxy or M31) and the compactnesses of their surface brightness profiles by using a parameter C defined newly in this Letter. Consequently, we find no significant correlation. We make some remarks on the origin of this result by considering three possible scenarios-the tidal picture, the dark matter picture, and the heterogeneity of the group of dSphs-each of which has been often discussed as a way of understanding the fundamental properties and formation processes of dSphs.
We present the most extensive combined photometric and spectroscopic study to date of the enormous globular cluster (GC) system around M87, the central giant elliptical galaxy in the nearby Virgo cluster. Using observations from DEIMOS and LRIS at Keck, and Hectospec on the MMT, we derive new, precise radial velocities for 451 GCs around M87, with projected radii from ~ 5 to 185 kpc. We combine these measurements with literature data for a total sample of 737 objects, which we use for a re-examination of the kinematics of the GC system of M87. The velocities are analyzed in the context of archival wide-field photometry and a novel Hubble Space Telescope catalog of half-light radii, which includes sizes for 344 spectroscopically confirmed clusters. We use this unique catalog to identify 18 new candidate ultra-compact dwarfs, and to help clarify the relationship between these objects and true GCs. We find much lower values for the outer velocity dispersion and rotation of the GC system than in earlier papers, and also differ from previous work in seeing no evidence for a transition in the inner halo to a potential dominated by the Virgo cluster, nor for a truncation of the stellar halo. We find little kinematical evidence for an intergalactic GC population. Aided by the precision of the new velocity measurements, we see significant evidence for kinematical substructure over a wide range of radii, indicating that M87 is in active assembly. A simple, scale-free analysis finds less dark matter within ~85 kpc than in other recent work, reducing the tension between X-ray and optical results. In general, out to a projected radius of ~ 150 kpc, our data are consistent with the notion that M87 is not dynamically coupled to the Virgo cluster; the core of Virgo may be in the earliest stages of assembly.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3ccircle r='17' fill='%23000095'/%3e%3ccircle r='15' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)