Measurement and numerical simulation of the interfacial area concentration and the void fraction were carried out to develop transport equation of interfacial area concentration to fulfill the requirements of an improved prediction accuracy of gas-liquid two-phase flow behavior. Measurements in a vertical upward air-water two-phase flow were conducted at the conditions of ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Test section was a round tube of 50 mm in inside diameter. The superficial gas velocity and the superficial liquid velocity ranged from 0.02 to 0.12 m/s and from 0.17 to 0.85 m/s, respectively. Two types of bubble generator were used in this study. One is that air was injected from the wall of the flow channel to the water (wall injection type). The other one is that air was injected from the pipe located at the center of the flow channel (pipe injection type). Measurements of the void fraction and the interfacial area concentration were performed using double sensor electrical resistivity probe at five axial locations of z = 45, 275, 575, 805, and 2365 mm for the wall injection type of bubble generator and z = 110, 410, 640, 1170, and 2230 mm for the pipe injection type of bubble generator, and transverse locations from r = 0 to 23 mm. In the numerical simulation, a transport equation of interfacial area concentration was developed in the previous study. This equation is validated by the previous and present experimental data. Consequently, good agreement is obtained between these results.
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Objects: To assess the effects of Argatroban which was developed as an antithrombin agent, we experimentally investigated the number of inflammatory cells and astrocytes infiltrated and/or appeared in injured lesion of rat brain.Methods: Gelatins soaked with Argatroban or saline were placed in the artificial cavities of brain defect for assessing the grade of infiltrating inflammatory cells using ordinary hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes by HE stain and monocyte/macrophage positive cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive and vimentin positive astrocytes by IHC stain were compared between Argatroban and saline (control) treated group.Results: Argatroban suppressed accumulation of inflammatory cells, both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocyte/macrophage positive cells, and vimentin positive astrocytes along the brain defect edge, but had no effect on GFAP positive astrocytes along the brain defect edge.Conclusion: Argatroban may minimize the secondary brain damage through suppressing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and excessive gliosis comprised of vimentin positive astrocytes and have good effects on the neural regenaration.
Abstract The cathode performance of a lithium ion battery was investigated for β-Fe2(SO4)3-type Li3V2(PO4)3 and Li3(V1−xZrx)2(PO4)3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2). On TG-DTA measurements, Li3V2(PO4)3 exhibited two types of phase transition, while Li3(V1−xZrx)2(PO4)3 exhibited no phase transition. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis and conductivity measurements confirmed an evidence for the stabilization of the high temperature phase at room temperature. The discharge capacity of the Zr-substituted Li3(V1−xZrx)2(PO4)3 samples became much larger than that of the pure Li3V2(PO4)3 sample.
Teriparatide, a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, has been reported to increase the incidences of bone neoplasms such as osteosarcoma when administered subcutaneously to Fischer 344 (F344) rats for a long term, but its non-carcinogenic dose level following 2-year daily administration has not been established. Here we report detailed studies on the carcinogenicity of teriparatide following long-term administration. When teriparatide was administered subcutaneously to male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats daily for 2 years, the incidence of osteosarcoma was increased at 13.6 µg/kg/day. The non-carcinogenic dose level was 4.5 µg/kg/day for both males and females. The development of osteosarcoma in SD rats depends on the dose level of, and treatment duration with, teriparatide. Responses of the bones to teriparatide were similar between F344 and SD rats in many aspects. These results suggested that the carcinogenic potential of teriparatide in SD rats is essentially the same as in F344 rats.
