Remaja menjadi salah satu pengguna rokok dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat hal ini dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yang juga berkaitan dengan kepribadian dan lingkungan remaja. Berdasarkan Factsheet Global Youth Tobacco Survey di Indonesia memaparkan 4 dari 5 orang perokok berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok. Banyak perokok menyadari risikonya dan termotivasi untuk berhenti merokok, namun mengalami kesulitan untuk berhenti merokok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keinginan berhenti merokok pada pelajar SMK Negeri di kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 166 orang siswa perokok SMK Negeri di Kota Padang pada tahun 2018 dengan menggunakan kuesioner Global Youth Tobacco Survey, berbahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pelajar perokok di SMKN kota Padang adalah 43,10%. Sebagian besar perokok adalah laki-laki. Sebanyak 43,40% siswa mulai merokok pada usia pada kelompok usia 14-15 tahun. Sekitar 64,45% berkeingian untuk berhenti merokok. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kurang dari separuh siswa di sekolah tersebut merupakan perokok. Ditemukan sebagian kecil siswa perempuan pernah mencoba rokok dan usia terbanyak mulai merokok adalah usia 14-15 tahun. Sebagian besar pelajar perokok berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok.
Introduction: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common disorder of pilosebaceous seen mainly in adolescents. Most cases of AV present with a pleomorphic lesion array, consisting of blackheads, papules, pustules, and nodules of varying severity. Acne is one of the three most common skin disease, especially in adolescents and young adults, with an estimated prevalence of 85% (aged 12-25 years). Acne vulgaris (AV) is still a health problem in the world and Indonesia. The causes of AV are multifactorial and can lead to various complications. Aim: This study looked for the difference in interleukin-12 (IL-12) on degrees of AV severity. Materials and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at the Diniyah Putri Islamic Boarding School, Lampung Province, Indonesia, in August 2020. The independent variable in this study was the AV degree, while the dependent variable was the IL-8 level. The sampling method in this study was consecutive sampling, as many as 63 AV patients. The research material is serum from venous blood. Examination of interleukin-8 levels using the ELISA method. Data analysis was univariate to find the mean and standard deviation of IL-8 levels, as well as the frequency distribution to determine the degree of AV. While the bivariate analysis was to determine the difference in the mean of IL-8 levels in AV patients. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 15.49 ± 1.07 years, the mean IL-12 level was 48.22 ± 15.62 and most of the AV degrees were in a severe category as much as 61.9%. Conclusion: Statistically there is no difference in the mean IL-12 levels in moderate and severe AV patients, but IL-12 levels are higher at severe AV degrees than moderate AV degrees.
Abstrak Patogenesis psoriasis dipengaruhi oleh sitokoin proinflamatori TNF-α, IL-1, dan sitokin anti-inflamatori IL-10. Dengan tehnik imunohistokimia dapat dideteksi TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 pada jaringan kulit. Membandingkan jumlah ekspresi TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 pada lesi dan non-lesi kulit dengan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia, dan hubungan jumlah ekspresi TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 dengan derajad keparahan penyakit (skor PASI). Merupakan penelitian observasional dengan disain nested case control pada pasien psoriasis yang datang ke Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin, tahun 2003-2006. Untuk menghitung derajad keparahan penyakit dipakai skor PASI. Didapat 21 pasien (umur 21-68 tahun) yang ikut penelitian ini. Dilakukan biopsi dengan pewarnaan HE dan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi monoklonal. Perbandingan jumlah ekspresi TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 dihitung dengan student’s t-test. Skor PASI dihitung dengan regression equation simplex, dan hubungan skor PASI dengan TNF-α, IL-1 dan IL-10 menggunakan Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Sebanyak 21 pasien (14 laki-laki, 7 perempuan), umur rata-rata 44,67±13,309. Lama menderita sakit antara 1-20 tahun (rata-rata 4,9±4,939). Nilai skor PASI antara 8,0 – 32,7(rata-rata 19,362±7,241). TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 terwarnai kuat di dermis lesi psoriasis : TNF-α (20-35, mean 27.95±4.056) dibandingkan non-lesi kulit (0-1, mean 0.10±0.301), p 0,05), IL-1(r=0.267, p>0.05), and IL-10 (r=0.054,p>0.05). Jumlah ekspresi TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 meningkat secara signifikan pada lesi dibandingkan non-lesi kulit. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara skor PASI dengan ekspresi TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 pada lesi kulit psoriatik. Kata kunci : Psoriasis vulgaris, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-10, PASI ARTIKEL PENELITIAN 30 Abstract The inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) have been implicated in patogenesis of psoriasis. Immunohistochemistry has been used to detect TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 in skin. To compare the amount of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 expressions in lesion and non- lesion psoriatic skin by immunohistochemistry examination, and the correlation of amounts of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 expressions to disease severity degree (PASI score). A nested case control study was done among psoriatic pasients who attended to our policlinic during 2003-2006.The PASI score was used to measure of disease severity degree. There were 21 patients (ages 21- 68 yo). We did biopsy and stained using HE and histochemistry examination using monoclonal antibody. The expression amount of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 were compared by student’s t-test. PASI scores were expressed using regression equation simplex, and the correlation between of PASI scores to TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 were using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Twenty one patients (14 men, 7 women), mean age 44.67±13.309. The duration of the disease were 1-20 tahun, mean 4.9±4.939. PASI score range 8.0 – 32.7 (mean 19.362±7.241). There were strong staining in dermis of skin lesions; TNF-α (20-35, mean 27.95±4.056) compared non-lesion skins (0-1, mean 0.10±0.301), p 0,05), IL-1 (r=0.267, p>0.05), and IL-10 (r=0.054,p>0.05). The amount of TNF-α, IL-1, dan IL-10 expressions were increased significantly in the lesions compared non-lesion skin and there were no correlation between PASI scores to the expressions of the TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 in psoriatic skin. Keywords : Psoriasis vulgaris, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-10, PASI
The pathogenesis fibrosis mechanism post transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) from Bladder neck contracture (BNC) still not clear yet. Fibrosis post the wound healing is occurred by imbalanced result of breakage of extracellular matrix (ECM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The tissue inhi
Periodontal disease, also generally called periodontitis or gum disease, is a chronic infection-induced inflammatory disease that causes tooth loss if not properly treated, and is considered as a modifying factor in systemic health. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is an inflammatory marker found in periodontal pathologic conditions. Gingivitis, a nondestructive type of periodontal disease, can progress to periodontitis if left untreated. Therefore, assessing the level of MMP-8 with comfortable methods and no tissue intervention can determine the progression of the periodontal disease for a better treatment.The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between MMP-8 in GCF and periodontal disease.This is a cross-sectional study that took place in West Sumatra, Indonesia from June to December 2013.This study involves 60 respondents who are divided into three groups based on the periodontal disease index. The samples consist of 20 healthy individuals, 20 with mild gingivitis, and 20 periodontitis initial. GCF was collected from each group. MMP8 level in GCF was tested by using ELISA technique.Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17 Software. ANOVA test was used to determine the differences in average levels of MMP-8. Bonferroni post hoc test was used to discover which spesific means differed.The level of MMP-8 is significantly different between the healthy group and mild gingivitis group, between the healthy group with mild periodontitis group, and also between groups with mild gingivitis and mild periodontitis (P < 0.05).The findings of this study can be used by practitioners of dentistry to establish a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment of periodontal disease by measuring the scale of MMP-8, to prevent or to minimize further complication in periodontitis patients.
pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia remains poorly understood. Many factors such as gastric motility disorder, visceral hypersensitivity, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, psychological stress and excessive gastric acid secretion play roles in this symptom. Psychological stress may promote peptic ulcer and has an effect on ulcers-associated Hp. This study aimed to determine Helicobacter pylori activity and expression of mucosal IL-6 and their association with psychological stress.a cross-sectional study was done among 40 outpatients with dyspeptic syndromes in M. Djamil General Hospital and two-community health centers in Padang. The subjects were divided into two groups, with and without psychological stress, which were identified using DASS 42. Gastric biopsy specimens and peripheral blood samples were taken while performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Immunohistochemistry methods was used to determine the expression of IL-6 and Hp in gastric mucosa. The correlation of each variable in the group experiencing psychological stress and non-stress was analyzed using Chi-square test.there were 40 patients with functional dyspepsia with average age of 37.58(SD 11.82) years old. The cortisol levels were significantly different between both groups (non-stress vs. stress groups); moreover, morning cortisol level in psychological stress group was higher beyond normal limit. Inter-Leukin-6 expression, as the evidence of inflammatory activity, seemed higher in non-stress group than the group with psychological stress (8.25% vs. 7.25%). Helicobacter pylori activity was seemed to be increased in the stress group as characterized by higher numbers of invasion to the sub mucosa epithelium compared to the non-stress group (11 vs. 7 subjects).psychological stress seems to have no correlation with IL-6 in gastric mucous of patients with functional dyspepsia; however, there is an evidence of increasing activity of Helicobacter pylori.
BACKGROUND: Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, is the main fuel in the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is thought to protect the intestinal mucosa against local or systemic injury from diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the relationship between glutamine supplementation and ileum histopathology in acute and chronic diarrhea rats induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).METHODS: A randomized post-test only control group design was conducted. Thirty Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups: one negative control group, two acute, and two chronic diarrhea groups. All four diarrhea groups were induced by EPEC at a dose of 108 CFU/mL. One acute and one chronic groups were supplemented with glutamine at a dose of 810 mg/200 g body weight for 14 days. While the other two diarrhea groups were not treated. The intestinal histopathology of each group was assessed and the level of inflammation was classified.RESULTS: Significant differences in inflammation levels were found among the groups (p<0.05). The highest inflammation level was observed in the acute diarrhea group without glutamine supplementation. Inflammation levels of both acute and chronic diarrhea with glutamine supplementation groups were significantly lower than the inflammation levels of acute and chronic diarrhea without glutamine supplementation groups.CONCLUSION: Supplementation of glutamine reduces the level of inflammation and leads to the histopathological improvement of the rat’s ileum.KEYWORDS: enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, glutamine, gastrointestinal tract, histopathology, ileum
