This study is designed to investigate the effect of low temperature plasma (LTP) on the apoptosis of CNE‐2Z cell (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line) and the potential mechanisms. We find out that LTP provoked the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in CNE‐2Z cells and significantly inhibit the cell viability and induce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) almost completely blocked LTP‐induced apoptosis. LTP triggered mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced apoptotic pathways indicated by significant upregulation of CHOP, p53, and Bax‐to‐Bcl‐2 ratio. This work will provide the molecular theoretical basis of clinical application of LTP for the treatment of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the main tumor-related causes of death worldwide. The fact that the majority of the patients develop resistance to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a major obstacle for the treatment of CRC. In order to develop more effective treatment strategies, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance to CRT. Several studies have recently indicated the regulatory effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to antitumor agents. For example, miR-34a attenuates the chemoresistance of colon cancer to 5-FU by inhibiting E2F3 and SIRT1. The miR-34a mimic MRX34 is the first synthetic miRNA to have been entered into clinical trials. miR-21 prevents tumor cell stemness, invasion and drug resistance, which are required for the development of CRC. These findings suggest that miRNAs represent a focus in the research of novel cancer treatments aimed at sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of the present study was to review the functions of miRNAs and investigate the roles of miRNAs in CRC radioresistance or chemoresistance. Furthermore, the potential of including miRNAs in therapeutic strategies and using them as molecular biomarkers for predicting radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity was discussed.
AIM:To detect the expression of COX-2 and HER-2 in colorectal cancer and to analyze their correlation and clinical significance. METHODS:A total of 1026 colorectal cancer surgical specimens were collected from patients treated from December 2002 to December 2007 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.All specimens were made into 4-µm slices.The expression of COX-2 and HER-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method.The correlations between COX-2 and HER-2 expression and colorectal cancer clinical features were analyzed. RESULTS:The positive rates of COX-2 and HER-2 expression in colorectal cancer were 77.97% (800/1026) and 46.20% (474/1026), respectively.There was a significant correlation between COX-2 and HER-2 expression in colorectal cancer (P < 0.05).In patients with tumor size ≥ 5 cm, the positive rates of COX-2 and HER-2 expression were 81.48% (308/378) and 57.94% (219/378), respectively.In patients with serosal invasion, the positive COX-2 and HER-2 expression rates were 80.53% (612/760) and 49.21% (374/760), respectively.In patients with lymph node metastasis, the positive expression rates were 85.04% (506/595) and 54.62% (325/595), respectively, and the positive expression rates differed significantly between patients with lymph node metastasis and those without (P < 0.05).In patients with Duke's C and D colorectal cancer, the positive COX-2 and HER-2 expression rates were 82.80% (443/535) and 57.94% (310/535), respectively.In patients with poorly differentiated colorectal cancer, the positive expression rates were 74.49% (210/282) and 52.84% (149/282), respectively (P < 0.05).In patients with distant metastasis, the positive expression rates were 82.27% (116/141) and 53.90% (76/141), respectively (P < 0.05).These findings suggest that COX-2 and HER-2 have synergistic effects in colorectal cancer.COX-2 and HER-2 expression had no significant correlation with sex, age, or tumor location.CONCLUSION: COX-2 and HER-2 are important markers for invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer, and they act together to regulate the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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