Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare upper midline syndrome that may present in association with anomalies outside the torso. The pentad - the supraumbilical body wall defect, sternal defect, deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, defect of the diaphragmatic pericardium, and the intracardiac anomalies - was first described by Cantrell et al., in 1958. The defect is said to be more common in males, and survival is dependent on the cardiac malformations and on the degree of completeness of the syndrome. We report three cases of Cantrell's pentalogy managed in our unit. Two of the patients were females and one a male. All were seen at peripheral health centers before being referred to us. Age at presentation for the girls was 18 hours and 36 hours, respectively, the boy presented at the age of six weeks. All of their parents were unschooled manual workers. All patients presented with a defect in the supraumbilical body wall, bifid sternum, and a visible cardiac impulse. We were unable to do echocardiography to rule out intracardiac anomalies in the three patients. The thin membranous covering of the epigastrium in the female patients was managed conservatively. Both female patients were discharged against medical advice as requested by their parents, due to financial constraints. The male patient was lost to follow up after two clinic visits. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of this syndrome is recommended.
The efficacies of diazinon® + albendazole®, ivomec® and ivojec® were compared on 12 pigs naturally infested with mange mites due to Sarcoptes scabiei and gastro-intestinal nematodes. Nematode eggs encountered include those of the Ascaris, Strongyle, Strongyloid and Trichuris. These pigs were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D). Pigs in group A were treated with albendazole orally at 5mg /Kg body weight and thoroughly washed once with 0.02% diazinon® solution. Pigs in groups B and C were treated with ivomec® and ivojec® respectively at 0.3mg/kg body weight subcutaneously. Pigs in group D received no treatment. There were 86.28%, 98.62% and 98.3l% reduction in faecal egg counts (FEC) of pigs in groups A, B and C respectively on the 7th day post treatment. By the 14th day post treatment, pigs in group A had 95.16% reduction in FEC while groups B and C pigs had 100% reduction. Mange mites were absent in the skin scrapings of pigs in group A on the 7th day post treatment, and groups B and C pigs between the 14th and 35th day post treatment. Evidences in the study suggest that there was a fall in the mean PCV values of pigs infested with gastro-intestinal nematodes and sarcoptic mange, while an increase in the mean PCV values was recorded following treatment. Key Words: Pigs , Nematodes , Ectoparasites , Ivomec®, Ivojec® African Journal of Livestock Extension Vol.3 2004: 55-58
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a disease of economic importance that is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and contributes significantly to cattle morbidity and mortality. A major factor useful in the control of this disease is the ability of cattle farmers tosuspect FMD cases. This paper assessed the knowledge and effects of FMD amongst cattle farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria.Perception of the respondents about the effects of FMD is fair as 64.4% of the respondents are aware of its direct and indirect losses. The respondents indicated that the outbreak of FMD is always during the latewet and early dry seasons. This implies that vaccination may be scheduled in order to achieve adequate immunization of vaccinated animals since FMD vaccine provide only short lived immunity.Majority of the farmers can identify animals with the infection through the physical signs exhibited by sick animals. This will help in early reporting and confirmatory diagnosis for appropriate action to be taken.Although 61.5% of the farmers agreed that vaccination is useful for FMD prevention, the animals of those that do not accept this fact may serve as a means of maintaining the virus in the area, since there is no restriction of movement of animals within Nigeria.In conclusion, the farmers indicated that there is need for government assistance in the provision of adequate and timely vaccines and vaccination against FMD which is the ultimate remedy for FMD in Nigeria. Keywords : Assessment, Knowledge, Foot and Mouth Disease, Nigeria
Three yearling cattle of each of three major Nigerian zebu breeds, viz: White Fulani (WF), Red Bororo (RB) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) were intravenously infected with 1.5 x 106 Trypanosoma congolense and monitored until the PCV declined to ≤ 15%, when they were treated with diminazene aceturate. Two cattle of each breed served as uninfected controls. Parasitaemia, which ranged between 1.0 x 103 and 5.0 x 105 trypanosomes/ml, was significantly (P<0.05) higher in SG and RB than in their WF counterpart. Signs of trypanosomosis became apparent before detection of parasitaemia, 7 to 10 days post infection (pi) firstly in SG, then RB and lastly in WF. The infected animals were dull, lagged behind the herd, had depressed appetite and pale mucous membranes. The live weight gains of infected cattle were significantly (P <0.05) lower than those of non- infected cattle. Live weight loss was least in WF (5.2%), intermediate in RB (6.5%) and highest in SG (10.3%) at 35 days pi. Of the three infected SG, two died at a mean of 28.0+14.1 days pi, while the third was treated 38days pi. Infected RB and WF were treated at a mean of 39.3+2.3 and 54.7+2.3 days pi, respectively. No infected RB or WF died before chemotherapy. It was concluded that of the three cattle breeds studied, the WF was the least susceptible to trypanosomosis, while SG was the most susceptible. Trois bovins âges d’un an, selectionnes chacun dans les trois grandes races de zebus nigerians, a savoir Fulani blanc (FB), Bororo rouge (BR) et Sokoto Goudali (SG), ont ete infectes par voie intraveineuse avec Trypanosoma congolense a raison de1,5 x 106 et surveilles jusqu’a ce que la valeur d’hematocrite ait diminue a ≤ 15%, et ils ont ensuite ete traites avec l’aceturate de diminazene. Deux bovins de chaque race ont ete utilises comme temoins non infectes. La parasitemie, qui variait entre 1,0 x 103 et 5,0 x 105 trypanosomes / ml, etait significativement (P <0,05) plus elevee chez les races SG et BR par rapport a la race FB. Les signes de trypanosomose sont devenus evidents avant la detection de la parasitemie, 7 a 10 jours post-infection (pi) d’abord chez les SG, puis chez les BR et enfin chez les FB. Les animaux infectes etaient faibles, trainaient derriere le troupeau, avaient peu d’appetit, et leurs muqueuses etaient pâles. Les gains de poids vifs des bovins infectes etaient significativement (P <0,05) inferieurs a ceux des bovins non-infectes. La perte de poids vif etait moindre chez les FB (5,2%), intermediaire chez les BR (6,5%) et plus elevee chez les SG (10,3%) a 35 jours pi. Des trois SG infectes, deux sont morts a une moyenne de 28.0+14.1 jours pi, tandis que le troisieme a ete traite 38 jours pi. Les BR et FB infectes ont ete traites respectivement a une moyenne de 39,3+ 2,3 et de 54,7+2,3 jours pi. Aucun bovin BR ou FB n’est mort avant la chimiotherapie. Il a ete conclu que des trois races bovines etudiees, la race FB etait la moins sensible a la trypanosomose tandis que la race SG etait la plus vulnerable a la maladie. Mots-cles : Bovins zebus; Sensibilite; Trypanosoma congolense; Signes cliniques
This paper presents the changes in red blood cell (RBC) values in three major Nigerian zebu breeds of cattle, White Fulani (WF), Red Bororo (RB) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) following experimental intravenous infection with 1.5 x 10 6 Trypanosoma congolense. Parasitaemia, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and RBC count of the animals were monitored until the PCV declined to ≤15%. Infection with T. congolense caused significant (P<0.05) reduction in the PCV, Hb concentration and RBC count. The anaemia recorded in infected cattle by 38 days post-infection (pi) was mildest in WF and most severe in SG. It was concluded that low red blood cell values (PCV, Hb and RBC) are some of the markers that are consistently associated with susceptibility of cattle to trypanosomosis. Of the three cattle breeds studied, the WF had the least decline in red blood cell value while SG and RB had the greatest decline by 38 days pi. The three Nigerian zebu cattle breeds used in this study also showed variations in their susceptibility to Trypanosoma congolense : SG and RB cattle are the most susceptible, while WF is the least susceptible. Keywords : Zebu cattle, Susceptibility, Trypanosoma congolense, Red blood cell values.
Background: Epigastric hernia (EH) is not uncommon in clinical practice. Repair is often achieved using general anaesthesia (GA). We explored the tolerability and acceptability of EH repair using local anaesthesia (LA) in our patients.
Methods: Patients with EH, seen between April, 2007 and March, 2012; who were fit for ambulatory surgery and consented to use of LA for repair were recruited. Pentazocine or tramadol, diazepam and 0.5% xylocaine were used. Bio data, size of fascia defect, content of sac, and repair technique were entered into a spread sheet and was analyzed using the SPSS 17.0.
Results: Thirty patients were treated. Eighty percent were females. Painful lump (90%) and dyspepsia (30%) were common complaints. The mean diameter of the fascia defect was 3.3cm. The hernia sacs contained: pre-peritoneal fat (46.7%), the omentum (46.7%) or gut (6.6%). Seventy percent, 16.7%, 10% and 3.3% had repair using simple closure, Mayo, Keel and mesh hernioplasty techniques respectively. Early post-operative complications were surgical site infection (3.3%), seroma (3.3%) and haematoma (6.7%). Tolerability was excellent or good in 86.7% and the acceptance rate was 90%. Tolerability did not depend on the duration of hernia, size of defect, or duration of surgery. No recurrence was noted after a mean follow up period of 29.94months.
Conclusion: Ambulatory EH repair using LA is feasible and tolerable in well selected patients. Our patients preferred it to surgery using general anaesthesia.
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A substantial amount of young calves entering Nigeria are lost daily when their dams are sold for slaughter. This preliminary study presents a management technique for raising orphan young calves. Six male White Fulani orphan calves, aged between 2 and 4 weeks were grouped into three. The first group of two calves was fed with a mixture of skimmed milk and corn starch. The second group was fed with a mixture of soya milk and corn starch, while the third group of two calves was fed on their respective lactating dam naturally. The calves that were fed on soya milk and corn starch diet died by the 12 th and 14 th day of the study as a result of dehydration and diarrhoea of nutritional origin. Calves fed by their respective lactating dams had a faster growth rate than calves fed on skimmed milk and corn starch. Over the 18 weeks of this study, the weight gains of the calves fed with skimmed milk and corn starch were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the calves fed by their respective dams. This study concluded that orphan young calves could be artificially raised successfully on skimmed milk and corn starch in Nigeria. Keywords: Artificial, Nursing, Rearing, Calves
A serological survey of brucellosis in food animals was conducted in Abeokuta, the largest city in Ogun State, Nigeria between August and November 2009. A total of 275 cattle, 52 sheep, 31 goats and 30 pigs were screened for Brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). The Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) was carried out on sera samples that were positive for brucellosis to quantitatively determine the level of antibody titre. Brucellosis was confirmed in 14.2%, 9.6% and 12.9% of cattle, sheep and goat respectively. All 30 pigs were negative for brucellosis. All sheep and goats were positive at 1:10 dilution, while 10.3%, 38.5% and 51.3% of positive cattle were positive at 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions respectively. This result showed that brucellosis is still an important infectious disease of food animals and possibly a major zoonosis in Ogun State, Nigeria. Une etude serologique de la brucellose chez les animaux destines a l’alimentation humaine a ete menee a Abeokuta, la plus grande ville de l’Etat d’Ogun au Nigeria, entre aout et novembre 2009. Au total, 275 bovins, 52 moutons, 31 chevres et 30 porcs ont ete testes en vue de rechercher la presence de la brucellose en utilisant l’epreuve sur lame au rose bengale (RB). Le test d’agglutination en tube standard (STAT) a ete realise sur des echantillons de serums positifs pour la brucellose, afin de determiner quantitativement le niveau du titre des anticorps. La brucellose a ete confirmee respectivement chez 14,2%, 9,6% et 12,9% des bovins, moutons et chevres. Tous les 30 porcs etaient negatifs pour la brucellose. De cet ensemble d’animaux, tous les moutons et chevres etaient positifs a la dilution de 1:10, tandis que 10,3%, 38,5% et 51,3% de bovins positifs etaient positifs respectivement aux dilutions de 1:10, 1:20 et 1:40. Ce resultat a montre que la brucellose reste une maladie infectieuse importante des animaux destines a l’alimentation humaine et eventuellement une zoonose majeure dans l’Etat d’Ogun au Nigeria. Mots-cles : Epreuve sur lame au rose bengale; Test d’agglutination en tube standard; Brucellose; Nigeria
Background: Gastro-duodenal perforations are common and may complicate peptic ulcer disease. Management is often by surgical closure.Objective: To determine the patterns of presentation and mode of management of duodenal ulcer perforations.Methods: Retrospective review of patients with duodenal ulcer perforations seen at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital between June 2001 and July 2011. Patients’ records were reviewed for demography, duration of disease, probable risk factors, type of surgery and complications. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 15.0.Result: Forty- five patients were reviewed. There were 37 males (82.2%). Mean age was 39.7years (range 15-78years). There were 10 (22.6%) students and 8(17.8%) farmers. NSAIDs abuse (11), previous peptic ulcer disease (2), and no prior dyspeptic symptoms (20) constituted 24.4%, 4.4% and 44.4% respectively of cases. Seven (16%) patients presented less than 24 hours of onset of illness. Forty one perforations (91.1%) involved the first part of duodenum. Twenty two (49%) patients had Graham’s omental patch. We had one (2.2%) failed repair and six (13.3%) mortalities. Conclusion: Late presentation of duodenal ulcer perforation is common with high mortality. Pragmatic surgical intervention with Graham’s omentopexy with broad spectrum antibiotics is still commonly practiced.Keywords: Duodenal ulcers, perforations, management, NigeriaAfrican Health Sciences Vol 13 Issue 4 December 2013
