Densities of Cu-Sn, Cu-Fe, Cu-Co and Cu-Ni alloys in the liquid state were measured by the maximum bubble pressure method at temperatures between their melting point and 1650°C.The behavior of molar volume of these alloys did not indicate that of ideal mixing. The deviation of molar volume from ideal mixing was positive in the case of Cu-Fe and Cu-Co alloys and negative in the case of Cu-Sn alloy, and the change of the deviation from positive to negative was observed with the increase in temperature in the case of Cu-Ni alloy.In the case of Cu-Sn alloy, assuming the presence of clusters in the liquid, the physical properties were discussed.
This study was carried out to investigate the physical properties of Fe–Ni, Co–Ni, Co–Mo and Co–W alloys in the liquid state. Density measurements were made by the maximum bubble pressure method at temperatures between the melting points and 1660°C. It was found that the molar volume of Fe–Ni and Co–Ni alloys did not indicate the behavior of ideal mixing, and the molar volume of Co–Mo and Co–W alloys increased with increasing concentrations of Mo and W. On the basis of the coefficients of volume expansion of the alloys and electric resistance, the structures of Fe–Ni and Co–Ni alloys in the liquid state were discussed.
Using the Levitation technique, the densities oJ moLten Iransition melaLs beLonging to the first series oj Ihe periodic lable , sllch as, Ti, V, Cr, Mn , Fe, Co, alld Ni, were measured Jrom the s/wjJes oj sampLes which u;ere /J/wto-graphedJrom the base and lateraLJace.The accurary oj this method was discussed on the basis qf experimenlaL conditions ado/Jted and the experimentaL j}/"ecautions were /Jointed out.ALthough the accuracy oJ this method was 1I0t belter than Ihose oJ others, such as Archimedean and the maximum bubbLe /Jressure methods, it u;as /JossibLe to measure the density over a wide tell/perature rallge without the aid oj OlD' speciaL device as compared with the others.From the experimentaL resuLts, the densities oj T i, V, Cr, and Mn are expressed as JoLLows :PTi (gJcm 3 ) = 4.5 6 -O.22 s x 1O-3 T(OK) Pv (gJcm S ) = 6.0s -0.32o x IO-ST(OK ),o C r (gJcm S ) = 7.8 s -0.72 s x 10-ST(OK ) P~ln (gJcm S ) = 7.I , -0.93 0 x IO-3T(OK )If the data obtained by the maximum bubbLe pressure method were taken into consideration together with the present resuLts, equations rejJresentillg the densities rifFe, Co, and l i become as JoLLows : PFC (gJcm S ) = 8.5 6 -O.85 s X 10-ST(OK ) Pco (gJc m 3 ) = 9.4 2 -O.95 0 x 10 -3T( OK ) (m.p. to 2 150°C) (m.p. 10 22DD°C),oNi (gJcm S ) = 9.6 o -0.99, x IO -S T(OK ) (m.p. to 2 150°C).
This study was carried out to investigate the behavior of thermal expansion of liquid iron. The rate of thermal expansion of liquid iron was measured by a dilatometer method at temperatures between 1560 and 1750°C. From the results, the anomalies of thermal expansivity which were reported by Morita et al. and Vertman et al. were not recognized.
Interaction parameters of alloying elements in molten iron were calculated with statistical thermodynamics by using relatively simple models. The interaction parameter εC(B) between a substitutional solute B and a substitutional solute C is given by using the interchange energy W as follows:εC(B)={−WAB+WBC−WAC}⁄RTand that between a substitutional solute B and a interstitial solute C is given byεC(B)={WBC−WAC}⁄RTThe interchange energies in the above equations were estimated from the modified Mott's equation, W=VM(δA−δB)2−23060\barn(XA−XB)2where δA and δB are the solubility parameters, and XA and XB are the electronegativities of the pure components, VM is the molar volume of mixture, and \barn is the appropriate number of AB bond in the mixture.The values of the interaction parameters thus calculated were compared with those determined experimentally in Fe-Cr-X, Fe-Ni-X, Fe-C-X and Fe-S-X systems, and reasonable agreements were obtained.
A levitation melting technique was used to obtain the densities of liquid iron, cobalt and nickel between their melting points and 2200°C. The results are as follows:(1) The densities of liquid iron, cobalt and nickel are given by the following formulas:(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) (2) The quotient of the entropy of fusion and the volume change on fusion (δm≡ΔSm⁄ΔVm) is nearly constant (53∼55 cal/deg). This value agrees with that of the previous data obtained on several metals.(3) An estimate of critical temperature Tc and critical density Dc of these metals was made by using well established laws (the principle of corresponding state and the law of Cailletet-Mathias etc.) and a tentative liquid range diagram of iron, cobalt and nickel was constructed on the analogy of mercury.
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