Abstract The long‐term prognosis of vascular restenosis after endovascular interventional treatment is a critical challenge in a clinical setting. Over‐production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major factor to aggravate vascular restenosis. Current clinical pharmacological interventions for vascular restenosis are still unsatisfactory. Based on the intrinsic ROS scavenging properties, nanozymes have been widely applied in the treatment of inflammatory‐related diseases. However, the vascular endothelial cell barrier hinder the delivery efficiency of intravenously injected nanomaterials in most diseases. Herein, an effective therapeutic strategy for vascular restenosis is developed based on endothelial cells exfoliation by endovascular interventional treatment through vascular balloon injury, which provides an opportunity to enhance nanozyme passive permeation into the vascular intima and uptake by macrophages to alleviate long‐term vascular restenosis in vivo. Moreover, the macrophages polarization modulation mechanism of vascular restenosis prevention is further investigated. This interesting discovery that endothelial cells exfoliation enhanced nanoparticle vascular permeation by endovascular interventional treatment may provide applicative perspectives in the treatment of other disease by nanomaterials.
Abstract A small‐molecule fluorophore FD‐1080 with both excitation and emission in the NIR‐II region has been successfully synthesized for in vivo imaging. A heptamethine structure is designed to shift the absorption and emission into NIR‐II region. Sulphonic and cyclohexene groups are introduced to enhance its water solubility and stability. The quantum yield of FD‐1080 is 0.31 %, and can be increased to 5.94 % after combining with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Significantly, 1064 nm NIR‐II excitation was demonstrated with the high tissue penetration depth and superior imaging resolution compared to previously reported NIR excitation from 650 nm to 980 nm. FD‐1080 is not only capable of realizing non‐invasive high‐resolution deep‐tissue hindlimb vasculature and brain vessel bioimaging, but also quantifying the respiratory rate based on the dynamic imaging of respiratory craniocaudal motion of the liver for the awake and anaesthetized mouse.
Exploring the economical, powerful, and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly required for practical application. Herein, nanoclusters-decorated ruthenium, cobalt nanoparticles, and nitrogen codoped porous carbon (Ru-pCo@NC) are prepared with bimetallic zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZnCo-ZIF) as the precursor. Thus, the prepared Ru-pCo@NC catalyst with a low Ru loading of 3.13 wt% exhibits impressive HER catalytic behavior in 1 M KOH, with an overpotential of only 30 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm
Light in the second near-infrared window, especially beyond 1500 nm, shows enhanced tissue transparency for high-resolution in vivo optical bioimaging due to decreased tissue scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence. Despite some inorganic luminescent nanoparticles have been developed to improve the bioimaging around 1500 nm, it is still a great challenge to synthesize organic molecules with the absorption and emission toward this region. Here, we present J-aggregates with 1360 nm absorption and 1370 nm emission formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic cyanine dye FD-1080 and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Molecular dynamics simulations were further employed to illustrate the self-assembly process. Superior spatial resolution and high signal-to-background ratio of J-aggregates were demonstrated for noninvasive brain and hindlimb vasculature bioimaging beyond 1500 nm. The efficacy evaluation of the clinically used hypotensor is successfully achieved by high-resolution in vivo dynamic vascular imaging with J-aggregates.
Abstract A small‐molecule fluorophore FD‐1080 with both excitation and emission in the NIR‐II region has been successfully synthesized for in vivo imaging. A heptamethine structure is designed to shift the absorption and emission into NIR‐II region. Sulphonic and cyclohexene groups are introduced to enhance its water solubility and stability. The quantum yield of FD‐1080 is 0.31 %, and can be increased to 5.94 % after combining with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Significantly, 1064 nm NIR‐II excitation was demonstrated with the high tissue penetration depth and superior imaging resolution compared to previously reported NIR excitation from 650 nm to 980 nm. FD‐1080 is not only capable of realizing non‐invasive high‐resolution deep‐tissue hindlimb vasculature and brain vessel bioimaging, but also quantifying the respiratory rate based on the dynamic imaging of respiratory craniocaudal motion of the liver for the awake and anaesthetized mouse.
By making use of microwave technology apparatus in contemporary physics and by applying electromagnetic field theory,light's speed is measured by standing-wave method to obtain the microwave frequency and guide wavelength.In the above experiment,the apparatus is simple with less relative errors and easy for students to operate.
Chemo-immunotherapy combination effect remains to be a great challenge due to the poor tumor penetration of therapeutic agents that resulted from condensed extracellular matrix (ECM), T cell-related immune escape, and thus the potential recurrence. Herein, a helix self-assembly camptothecin (CPT) prodrug with simultaneous physical and physiological tumor penetration was constructed to realize effective chemo-immunotherapy. Specifically, CPT was modified with arginine to self-assemble into nanofibers to physically improve tumor penetration. Two plasmids, pshPD-L1 and pSpam1 for expressing small hairpin RNA PD-L1 and hyaluronidase, respectively, were loaded to down-regulate tumor surface PD-L1 expression for converting anergic state of T cells into the tumor-reactive T cells and produce hyaluronidase to physiologically degrade ECM for further enhanced tumor penetration. Moreover, the degraded ECM could also increase immune cells' infiltration into tumor sites, which may exert a synergistic antitumor immunity combined with immune checkpoint inhibition. Such a nanomedicine could cause significant inhibition of primary, distant tumors, and effective prevention of tumor recurrence.
Abstract Fluorescence lifetime imaging provides more possibility of in vivo multiplexing in second near infrared (NIR‐II) window. However, it still faces the obstacle that fluorescent probes with differentiable lifetime often exhibit quite different fluorescence intensity, especially the short lifetime usually accompanies with a weak fluorescence intensity, resulting in the difficulty for simultaneously decoding multiplexed lifetime information due to the interference of background noise. To facilitate high‐fidelity lifetime multiplexed imaging, we developed a series of Er 3+ doped double interface fluorescent nanoprobes (Er‐DINPs): α‐NaYF 4 @NaErF 4 : Ce@NaYbF 4 @NaErF 4 : Ce@NaYF 4 with strong fluorescence intensity and easily distinguishable fluorescence lifetime. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results confirmed the advantage of these probes with comparable fluorescence intensity for high‐fidelity multiplexed lifetime bioimaging.
Size and charge dual-transformable core@satellite structured nanoassemblies are developed to overcome multiple biological barriers in a drug delivery system.
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