<p>The experimental validation of FE numerical models, performed through the comparison between measured and calculated responses, presents an important step in further detailed calculations or simulation of future scenarios. Several parameters to be taken into account in numerical analyses, such as the cut-off frequency, train speed or damping coefficients, might have a preponderant effect in the success of that validation. Therefore, this paper discusses and evaluates the effect of these parameters in the numerical analyses to be carried out on a FE model of the Alcácer do Sal railway viaduct, under the passage of an Alfa Pendular train with a speed equal to 220 km/h. The dynamic behaviour of the deck slab is evaluated, through a methodology that considers train-bridge interaction, taking into account frequency limits equal to 15, 20 and 30 Hz, small variations in the train speed and two different scenarios of damping coefficients.</p>
The calculation of minimum required prestressing levels in prestressed bridge deck girders is usually governed by serviceability requirements in terms of allowable stress levels. In the case of continuous structures, different quantities of prestressing steels have to be quantified for different critical locations and, owing to the structure hyperstaticity, the prestressing force required for a given critical cross section depends on the quantities of prestressing steels adopted in the remainder of the structure. This paper presents a feasible methodology for quantification of the minimum required prestress forces for different critical cross sections, avoiding the use of iterative procedures. A methodology for taking into account the variability of the structure response, owing to the uncertainty associated with the quantification of creep, shrinkage, and construction timings is also presented. Monte Carlo simulations, based on the Latin Hypercube sampling method, are used in the calculation of the statistical distribution of the long-term structure response. Two case studies are presented to show the relevance of the aforementioned variability and its consequences in terms of minimum required prestressing levels.
Abstract A nonlinear finite element model (FEM) is developed to assess the behaviour of a cracked concrete interface, reinforced with embedded steel bars and subjected to monotonic loading. A dowel action finite element modelling approach is conceived for that purpose. The bond between the steel bars and the surrounding concrete is also considered in the model and an interface finite element is included to simulate aggregate interlock. Then, the comparison of the model results with experimental values allowed the calibration of aggregate interlock constitutive relations for cracks in monolithic concrete restrained by embedded steel bars. New constitutive relations are also proposed for shear transfer by aggregate interlock in a concrete joint.