The high consumption of fat and sugar contributes to the development of obesity and co-morbidities, such as diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Different strategies have been used to prevent these diseases associated with obesity, such as changes in eating habits and/or the addition of dietary components with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, such as gamma-oryzanol (γOz) present mainly in bran layers and rice germ.Animals were randomly divided into four experimental groups and fed ad libitum for 20 weeks with control diet (C, n = 8), control diet + γOz (C + γOz, n = 8), high-sugar and high-fat diet (HSF, n = 8), and high-sugar and high-fat diet + γOz (HSF + γOz, n = 8). HSF groups also received water + sucrose (25%). The dose of γOz was added to diets to reach 0.5% of final concentration (w/w). Evaluation in animals included food and caloric intake, body weight, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid, HOMA-IR, glomerular filtration rate, protein/creatinine ratio, systolic blood pressure, and Doppler echocardiographic.Animals that consumed the HSF diet had weight gain compared to group C, increased insulin, HOMA, glucose and triglycerides, there were also atrial and ventricular structural alterations, deterioration of systolic and diastolic function, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria. Gamma-oryzanol is significantly protective against effects on body weight, hypertriglyceridemia, renal damage, and against structural and functional alteration of the heart.Gamma-oryzanol shows potential as a therapeutic to prevent Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome.
PURPOSE To reduce metabolic syndrome (MetS) after a short‐time (10 wk) lifestyle modification program (LMP) with physical exercises and low‐energy density diet (30g fiber/day). METHODS In a controlled parallel group design participants (n=50; 50.5 ± 11.8 yrs) were allocated either to intervention with adequate intakes of fruits and vegetables (G1, n=28, 6M, 22F, BMI=33.6 ± 5.3kg/m2, MetS=46%) or control (G2, n=22, 5M, 17F, BMI=32.1 ± 5.3kg/m2, MetS=40%). Both groups were in a weekly LMP with 60 min/d sessions of aerobic exercises alternating brisk walking (3d/wk) and muscle strength (2d/wk). Clinical, anthropometric, dietary, fitness and plasma biochemical assessments were undertaken at baseline (M0) and after 10 weeks (M1). Groups and moments were statistically compared for p=0.05. RESULTS At M0 both groups were similar in all variables and after 10 weeks of LMP they both improved health‐eating index (HEI), fiber intake and kept their muscle mass. However only G1 increased the intake of fiber (211%) along with plasma beta‐carotene (150%), additionally to greater reductions in body fat (4%), abdominal fat (7%) and obesity (16%) leading to reduced MetS (24%) mainly by normalizing blood pressure, triglycerides and glucose. CONCLUSIONS Short‐time (10 weeks) LMP reduced MetS by improving HEI, body composition and mostly blood markers. Supported by CNPq and FAPESP.
Aim To evaluate the effect of western diet on lipid profile and the association with cardiac dysfunction. Methods 24 male Wistar rats were assigned to receive water + standard diet (group C, n = 12) or CHO diet with water + 25% sucrose (CHO group, n = 12) for 20 weeks. During 20 weeks, food consumption (FC) was measured daily and body weight (BW) weekly. After 12 hours of fasting, plasma was used to measurements of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and non‐HDL cholesterol fraction (an estimate of total atherogenic particles in the plasma) and insulin. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA‐IR.SBP was assessed by the non‐invasive tail‐cuff method. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation was performed by a single examiner at the 20 th week. The following cardiac structures were measured: Estimated LV mass, the LV systolic function was assessed by the following parameter: fractional shortening. The LV diastolic function was evaluated by the following deceleration time of E wave (DTE). Differences between groups were determined by using Student's t‐test for independent samples. Pearson regression was used to determine correlations among variables. p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results CHO group presented higher weight gain, caloric intake and food efficiency even with lower food consumption when compared to C group. About the comorbidites associated with diet in the groups, carbohydrate diet was able to induce higher glucose and HOMA‐IR. CHO group presented higher levels of insulin compared to C group. Cardiac structure and function changes in 20 th week were associated with diet in the groups. Carbohydrate diet was able to induce systolic and diastolic dysfunction, cardiac remodeling. Lipid profile of the groups: CHO group presented higher T‐Chol, TG, Non‐HDL Cholesterol and lower HDL when compared to C group. There were correlations among lipid profile and cardiac variables: higher HDL cholesterol concentrations were related to higher EF(%)(r=0.39, p =0.06) whereas higher non‐HDL cholesterol concentrations were with lower EF(%) (r=−0.35, p =0.09); also, non‐HDL cholesterol was directly related to deceleration time (r=0.46, p =0.02) as well as TG (r=0.50, p =0.01). Furthermore, insulin concentrations were directly related to estimated LV mass (r=0.59, p =0.003). Conclusion Consumption of CHO rich diet implied lipid profile alterations as well as cardiac remodeling. Therefore, lipid metabolism seems to influence obesity‐related cardiac dysfunction. Comorbities, cardiovascular Structure and Function in 20 th week Variables Groups C (n=12) CHO (n=12) LVDD, mm 80.7 ± 2.9 100.6 ± 5.7* LVSD, mm 2.59 ± 1.20 5.28 ± 1.32* LVPWD, mm 18.8 ± 1.7 52.3 ± 3.8* Aorta diameter, mm 68.8 ± 12.1 67.3 ± 15.7* Left Atrium 4.73 ± 0.20 6.17 ± 0.41* Estimated LV mass, g 0.70 ± 0.17 1.07 ± 0.12* Relative wall thickness 114 ± 18 113 ± 17* Systolic volume, mL 23.5 ± 2.8 26.6 ± 5.8* Shortening Δ% endo 58.2 ± 3.3 52.5 ± 55.3* Shortening Δ% meso 25.6 ± 2.1 25.3 ± 2.7 Ejection fraction. % 0.92 ± 0.01 0.89 ± 0.03* Deceleration time, ms 44.1 ± 7.8 53.4 ± 9.4* Ew, m/s 8.9 ± 8.4 77.9 ±6.6 Aw, m/s 48.7 ± 11.6 45.9 ± 14.1 E/A, m/s 1.67 ± 0.27 1.85 ± 0.64 IRT 48.1 ± 7.5 52.1 ± 11.3* Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 126 ± 5 136 ± 5* Glucose (mg/dL) 83.4 ± 6.3 97.9 ± 8.5* Insulin (mg/dL) 2.5 ± 1.2 5.2 ± 1.3* HOMA‐IR 21.3 ± 9.6 50.7 ±11.2*
Aim to investigate the effect of Gamma‐oryzanol (yOz) on renal disease, redox state and agressor factors of animals submitted to high sugar‐fat diet (HSF). Methods 32 wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups (n=8 animals/group): control (C), control + yOZ (CyOZ), HSF and HSF + yOZ (HSFyOZ). C and CyOZ received standard diet (60% complex carbohydrate‐dextrin, 4% fat‐soybean oil); HSF and HSFyOz received HSF diet (53% simple carbohydrate‐sucrose and fructose,16% fat‐lard) + 25% of sucrose in drinking water. yOz was added to the feed at a dose of 0.5%. During 30 weeks, body weight was measured weekly and feed intake, daily. After the period, it was analysed plasm glucose (mg/dL), HOMA‐IR and systolic blood pressure‐SBP(mmHg). Obesity was characterized by adiposity index (% of body fat) and renal tissue was used to analyse antioxidant protection (%protection/g protein). Renal disease was analyzed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR‐ml/min)) and proteinuria (protein/creatinin ratio). Results HSF induced renal disease and risk factors, such as obesity, increased glucose, HOMA‐IR, SBP and renal oxidative stress. yOz was efficient to reduce adipogenesis, improves renal antioxidant protection and prevent renal disease. Table shows the results. Conclusion Gamma‐oryzanol prevented renal disease and oxidative stress. Therefore, the compound can be a strategy to prevent these complications related to obesity. Support or Funding Information Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP‐2015/10626‐0) Nutritional and metabolic profile and renal function C CyOz HSF HSFyOz food intake (g/day) 20 ± 3 19 ± 3 8 ± 1 # 8 ± 2 $ caloric intake (kcal/day) 71 ± 10 68 ± 11 71 ± 6 61 ± 22 final body weight (g) 493 ± 51 497 ± 54 583 ± 76 # 494 ± 75 & adiposity index (%) 5 ± 1 4 ± 1 9 ± 2 # 6 ± 2 &, $ plasm glucose (mg/dl) 71 ± 20 78 ± 21 106 ± 18 # 89 ± 7 HOMA‐IR 6 ± 3 7 ± 4 22 ± 22 # 26 ± 17 $ SBP (mmHg) 121 ± 6 127 ± 9 140 ± 12 # 145 ± 13 $ GFR (ml/min) 2.5 ± 1 3 ± 0 * 1.6± 1 # 2.3 ± 1 &, $ protein/creatinin ratio 0.0022 ± 0.005 0.0027 ± 0.002 0.0031 ± 0.005 # 0.0025 ± 0.002 & renal antioxidant protection (%/g protein) 51 ± 7 52 ± 5 41 ± 6 # 54 ± 18 & compares C to CyOZ compares C to HSF compares HSF to HSFyOZ compares CyOz to HSFyOz
The additional effect of omega-3 supplementation in association with lifestyle modification program (LSMP) in free living-adults was evaluated. We studied 39 adults (control group with LSMP (G1, n = 16) and LSMP plus supplementation of 3 g of fish oil per day (360 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 540 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid) (G2, n = 23)) during 20 weeks. The fish oil group showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (1.3%) followed by metabolic syndrome reduction (29%) mainly due to normalization of blood pressure (33.3%) and triacylglycerol (27.3%). Omega-3 supplementation provided additional benefits to LSMP in the resolution of metabolic syndrome.
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rice bran (RB) supplementation to a high-sugar fat (HSF) diet on cardiac dysfunction in an experimental obesity model. Methods Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control, high-sugar fat, and high-sugar fat supplemented with 11% RB for 20 weeks. Results HSF diet promoted obesity and metabolic complications. Obese rats showed cardiac structural and functional impairment associated with high levels of interleukin-6, tumoral necrosis factor alpha, and malondialdehyde, and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the myocardium. RB supplementation was able to mitigate obesity and its metabolic alterations in HSF diet-fed animals. Moreover, the RB also prevented structural and functional damage, inflammation, and redox imbalance in the heart of these animals. Conclusion This study suggests that RB supplementation prevents cardiac dysfunction in rats fed on HSF by modulating systemic metabolic complications and inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocardium, representing potential alternative therapy.
The excessive consumption of diets rich in sugar and fat is associated with metabolic manifestations involving adipose tissue and the liver. Bergamot, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been used to treat metabolic disorders. This work aimed to verify the effect of Bergamot leaves extract (BLE) on the crosstalk in the adipose tissue–liver axis of obese rats. For 20 weeks, Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (Control) and high sugar–fat (HSF) diet groups. Afterwards, the animals were redistributed into three groups for 10 weeks: control diet + vehicle (Control, n = 08), HSF + vehicle (HSF, n = 08), and HSF + BLE (HSF + BLE, n = 08). The BLE was carried out daily by gavage (50 mg/kg). The HSF group presented obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, hepatic microvesicular steatosis, higher inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver and adipose tissue. In comparison to the HSF group, HSF + BLE animals showed protection by reducing the triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in hepatic and adipose tissues. BLE acted on the inflammation and oxidative stress in the adipose tissue–liver axis in obese rats when compared to the HSF group, which may have reflected on the improvement of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
RACIONAL: O câncer de esôfago tem impacto relevante no metabolismo protéico do hospedeiro, mas pouco se conhece sobre as implicações no metabolismo protéico sulfurado. Deste, destaca-se a taurina, composto participante de várias funções fisiológicas importantes como a manutenção do sistema de defesa celular e possível sobrevida do paciente. OBJETIVO: Estudar as variações plasmáticas da taurina e de seus precursores em pacientes com câncer de esôfago. MÉTODO: Em estudo transversal foram triados 16 pacientes (43-73 anos) com câncer de esôfago e 20 voluntários (27-65 anos) controles sadios que preencheram os critérios clínicos e éticos da pesquisa. Para caracterização do estado geral de saúde efetuou-se avaliação antropométrica, hematimétrica (Hb, Ht, glóbulos brancos, linfócitos) e bioquímica (albumina, glicose, lipídios, aminotransferases). Adicionalmente, foram realizadas, no plasma, análises cromatográficas de taurina e seus precursores cisteína e homocisteína. Foi registrado o tempo de sobrevivência dos pacientes, a partir do diagnóstico histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com câncer de esôfago foram predominantemente do sexo masculino, raça branca, classe socioeconômica baixa, tipo carcinoma espinocelular de localização no terço superior, em estádio IV, sobrevida de 7,8 ± 5,5 anos, referindo perda de peso em 16,4% e apresentando hipoalbuminemia em 50%, com massa muscular e adiposa semelhante ao controle. Os pacientes apresentaram valores estatisticamente menores do que os controles para Hb, Ht, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol e cisteína e maiores de AST, ALT, taurina e homocisteína. Dentre os pacientes houve correlação positiva da taurina tanto com a contagem total de linfócitos, como com a sobrevida dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis reduzidos de cisteína e elevados de homocisteína, taurina e as associações positivas da taurina com os indicadores da imunocompetência celular e da mortalidade sugerem participação efetiva da taurina na sobrevida dos pacientes e, portanto, os cuidados nutricionais específicos com a sua via geradora (cisteína, metionina e vitaminas do complexo B).
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