We reported two cases of aphasia that exhibited different characteristics of aphasia following cerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe involving the area. Case 1 is a 74-year-old right-handed woman. She was hospitalized with speech disturbance. Spontanoues speech was fluent and articulation was normal, but she showed verbal paraphasia and speech perseveration. She demonstrated a preserved ability to repeat short sentences and was able to read words aloud. This type of aphasia is called Broca area's aphasia. MRI and CT showed hematoma involving the left inferior frontal lobe, operculum and insula cortex. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed low perfusion in the frontal lobe without involvement of the postcentral gyrus. Case 2 is a 76-year-old right-handed man. He was also hospitalized with speech disturbance. Spontanoues speech was non-fluent and articulation was poor. He sometimes showed phonemic paraphasia with anarthria, but he demonstrated a preserved ability to repeat short sentences. He was able to read words aloud in a manner comparatively similar to. This type of aphasia is called Broca's aphasia. MRI and CT showed hematoma involving the left inferior frontal lobe, operculum and precentral cortex. SPECT revealed low perfusion in the frontal lobe extending to the postcentral gyrus. We supposed that the different characteristics of aphasia in those cases were due to extended lesion in the frontal lobe.
Objective and Importance: Non-traumatic subdural hemorrhage (SDH) caused by dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is rare and is usually accompanied by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This report describes a very rare case of DAVF that caused non-traumatic acute SDH without ICH or SAH, which subsequently progressed into chronic SDH.
It is well known that significant narrowing of the subclavian or innominate artery may cause cerebrovascular ischemic symptoms. We report a case of a 62-year-old man who was suffering from progressive cognitive impairment and was treated by perctaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The patient had undergone aorto-bifemoral bypass, left femoropopliteal bypass, and right femoral artery endoarterectomy. On admission, he was alert, but had memory impairment, especially delayed recall. He complained of dizziness and dysesthesia on his right upper extremity which got worse on exertion. The right radial pulse was diminished and the right brachial blood pressure was lower about 40 mmHg than the left. Angiography demonstrated severe stenosis of the innominate artery near its origin, hypoplasty of the left horizontal anterior cerebral artery segment (Al), and dilation of the left external carotid artery. Left vertebral arteriography revealed retrograde flow of the right vertebral artery in the late arterial phase. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed marked reduction in cerebral blood flow to the left frontal lobe. The patient underwent PTA of the innominate artery with satisfactory results. Cognitive impairment improved remarkably after the angioplasty. The right radial pulse was quite palpable, and the bilateral brachial blood pressures were the same. The cerebral blood flow was increased in SPECT. Memory disturbance can be generated by stenosis of the innominate artery. PTA is one of the effective methods to reverse such cognitive impairment.
In this study, we aim to explain the quality obtained from our experience in each place and try to make clear the relation between an optical flow which appears in a view when walking and the composition of buildings. The observation took place in 3 areas : Chayamachi-area, Sonezaki-area and the area in front of Osaka station. These areas were different scale, they had different building forms, and different densities of the arrangements. After, we classified visual experiences into six types. We found that these experiences were expressed the relations between our walking routeswe find that these experiences were expressed the relation between our walking route and the composition of buildings. and the composition of buildings.
