The study was carried out to know the soil fertility status of Nagarjuna Sagar Left Bank Command area, of Nalgonda district, Telangana by using GPS-GIS technology during the year 2020-2021. The pH of soils of Nagarjuna Sagar Left Bank Command area varied from 6.21 to 9.62, most of the soils were found to be moderately alkaline to very alkaline (78.23%) while EC varied from 0.17 to 4.33dS m-1, most soils were found to be high saline to very high saline (97.54 %) in salinity. Organic carbon content varied from 0.15 to 1.16% and categorized as low (30.4%), medium (66.6%) and high (3.0%). The soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in study area varied between 100.0 to 450.0, 10.3 to 71.2 and 25.5 to 1115.9 kg ha-1, respectively. The soils were low (50.1%) and medium (49.9%) in available nitrogen, with respect to available phosphorus low (0.1%), medium (87.2%) and high (12.7%). In case of available potassium low (0.2%), medium (21.7%) and high (78.1%). The exchangeable calcium and magnesium ranged from 6.2 to 16.2 and 3.2 to 9.8 cmol (p+) kg-1, respectively. The available sulphur varied from 0.32 to 29.9 mg kg-1. The soils were low (0.5%), medium (67.1%) and high (32.4%) in available sulphur content. The soils were sufficient (100.0%) in exchangeable calcium and magnesium, respectively. Available Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were deficient in 97.49%, 94.95%, 99.63% and 99.01% soil samples respectively.
This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: $\tau(n\rightarrow inv) > 9.0\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(p\rightarrow inv) > 9.6\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(nn\rightarrow inv) > 1.5\times10^{28}$ years, $\tau(np\rightarrow inv) > 6.0\times10^{28}$ years, and $\tau(pp\rightarrow inv) > 1.1\times10^{29}$ years at 90\% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the ($nn\rightarrow inv$) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.
An experiment was conducted at the research farm of the ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, Telangana during kharif season of 2018 to know the effect of enriched nitrogen sources at different levels on nutrient uptake of transplanted rice. The treatments comprised were T1 Control (0:60:40 kg N:P:K ha-1), T2 (75% RDN through neem coated urea), T3 (75% RDN through enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma), T4 (75% RDN through vermicompost), T5 (75% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor), T6 (75% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost + 25% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor ), T7 (100% RDN through neem coated urea), T8 (100% RDN through enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma), T9 (100% RDN through vermicompost), T10 (100% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor) and T11 (100% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost + 50% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor). The result showed that highest total nitrogen uptake (117 kg ha-1), total phosphorus uptake (29.4 kg ha-1) and total potassium uptake (97.8 kg ha-1) at harvest was achieved with the application of 100% RDN through neem coated urea (T7).
Poultry production has been a household activity in India since time immemorial. India ranks 3rd in egg production and 7th in chicken meat production in the world. In India most of the commercial poultry production is concentrated in urban and peri urban areas. Backyard poultry farming plays a major role in the rural economy and women empowerment. Though, still it is contributing 30% to the national egg production, the rural backyard poultry is the most neglected one. The major limiting factor in the way of increasing consumption of egg and poultry meat in the rural area is the poor availability. The demand of eggs and meat of rural areas to be met by backyard poultry rearing. Backyard poultry rearing also finds an important role to fulfill the need of stress free and harmful residues free birds. The sale price of eggs and birds on free range rearing were much higher than the sale price of commercial eggs and broilers.
The yield potential of spring planted maize is much higher than autumn crop. Heat stress at during anthesis and grain formation stage is one of the main hindrances in its spring cultivation especially under late sown conditions but early sowing seems an ideal solution to escape from heat spell which may cause poor stand establishment. Both temperature extremes cause oxidative stresses and potassium application may lessen the damage. The present paper aims to contribute the role of potassium application in alleviation of oxidative damage and improvement in stress tolerance of early and late sown spring maize. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement randomizing the sowing dates Early, Mid and Late in main plots and potassium levels K0 (0), K1 (100) and K2 (200 kg ha-1) in sub-plots. Data on growth parameters were recorded fortnightly starting from 30 to 90 days after sowing by using standard procedure while relative water and chlorophyll contents, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured at both tasselling and blister stage. Growth was reduced under both early and late sown conditions but potassium application improved it by enhancing antioxidants defense system which protects leaf chlorophyll contents under early and late sown conditions. Furthermore, antioxidants like CAT and POD activities were increased while SOD/[POD+CAT] were decreased with increase in potassium and age. It is suggested that 100 kg ha-1 potassium reduced oxidative damage and improved stress tolerance of spring maizeBangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 101-110, 2016
The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5$σ$.
By using the AVIRIS NG Hyperspectral data, analyzed the relationship between the soil spectral reflectance and various degree of salt affectedness and waterlogged soils from the soil sampling sites from Nagarjuna Sagar Left Bank Command area, Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. The individual AVIRIS NG Hyperspectral image scenes were processed with ENVI 5.3 software geocoded, and mosaicked, and the data is subjected to MNF, performed PPI, n-D visualizer, and classification (mapping) for salt-affected and waterlogged soils was attempted using the Spectral Angle Mapper algorithm. Out of the total classified area normal, slightly saline-sodic, moderately saline-sodic, severely saline-sodic, and waterlogged soils occupy 67.9, 17.0, 3.42, 7.27 and 0.04%, respectively. The Pearson correlation studies showed that 1830, 1850, 1930, 1935, and 1940 nm wavelengths significantly showed a negative correlation with EC, ESP, and CEC. The PCR model showed the possibility of retrieval of EC, ESP, and CEC more accurately. The SAM classification for AVIRIS NG showed a producer accuracy percentage of 76.4- 88.4 and a user accuracy percentage of 77.4-87.9.
A field study was carried out at college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh during Kharif 2013 to evaluate combined application of biochar with humic acid as a fertility amendment at varied fertiliser levels. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice with three factors comprised of factor-I (fertilizers- 100 % RDF and 75 % RDF), Factor-II (biochar levels- 0, 5 and 7.5 t ha-1) and Factor-III (humic acid levels of 0 and 30 kg ha-1). Soil had a pH of 7.72, EC of 0.217 dS m-1 with low organic carbon (0.49%) and available nitrogen (138.6 kg ha-1), high available phosphorus (31.28 kg ha-1) and potassium (629 kg ha-1) and sufficient available sulphur (28 ppm). After maize harvest, nutrient status of experiment site was analyzed. Recommended dose of NPK along with biochar at 7.5 t ha-1 and humic acid at 30 kg ha-1 was recorded significantly highest available N (182 kg ha-1) and P (66.5 kg ha-1). In case of potassium, 75% NPK alone recorded highest (533 kg ha-1) followed by 75% NPK with @ 7.5 t ha-1 biochar (476 kg ha-1). Recommended dose of NPK and 75% NPK along with biochar at 7.5 t ha-1 and humic acid at 30 kg ha-1 were at par in available sulphur. High nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur uptake was obtained with application of recommended NPK along with biochar at 7.5 t ha-1 and humic acid at 30 kg ha-1, whereas uptake of P was highest with reduced NPK along with biochar @ 5 t ha-1 and humic acid at 30 kg ha-1.
The ammonia concentration in the poultry houses should not exceeds 25ppm. Above 25 ppm the performance of the birds affects adversely. High levels also reduces body weight gain, feed conversion, overall liveability, carcass condemnation rate and the immune system of the birds and susceptible to diseases. The presence of excessively high levels of ammonia in the air, for any time period, will lead to discomfort to the birds. Ammonia is a strong oxidative stressor that can cause irritation and inflammation. Birds exposed to high level of ammonia concentrations negatively affect the development of immune system. The rate of ammonia volatilization from litter is dependent on pH, moisture content, ventilation rate, air velocity, manure nitrogen concentration, and temperature. The pH of the litter is an important factor in controlling ammonia volatilization because it determines the ratio of volatile ammonia to ammonium, the ionic and non-volatile forms of ammonical nitrogen. The damage to the mucous membranes of the respiratory system caused by higher level of ammonia increases the susceptibility of birds for respiratory infection, especially E. coli infection. Human can generally smell ammonia at concentrations between 20 and 30 ppm. The ammonia gas in poultry sheds critically affects the health and welfare condition of the birds.
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