Alleviation of oxidative stresses by potassium fertilizer in spring maize under early and late sown conditions
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The yield potential of spring planted maize is much higher than autumn crop. Heat stress at during anthesis and grain formation stage is one of the main hindrances in its spring cultivation especially under late sown conditions but early sowing seems an ideal solution to escape from heat spell which may cause poor stand establishment. Both temperature extremes cause oxidative stresses and potassium application may lessen the damage. The present paper aims to contribute the role of potassium application in alleviation of oxidative damage and improvement in stress tolerance of early and late sown spring maize. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement randomizing the sowing dates Early, Mid and Late in main plots and potassium levels K0 (0), K1 (100) and K2 (200 kg ha-1) in sub-plots. Data on growth parameters were recorded fortnightly starting from 30 to 90 days after sowing by using standard procedure while relative water and chlorophyll contents, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured at both tasselling and blister stage. Growth was reduced under both early and late sown conditions but potassium application improved it by enhancing antioxidants defense system which protects leaf chlorophyll contents under early and late sown conditions. Furthermore, antioxidants like CAT and POD activities were increased while SOD/[POD+CAT] were decreased with increase in potassium and age. It is suggested that 100 kg ha-1 potassium reduced oxidative damage and improved stress tolerance of spring maizeBangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 101-110, 2016Keywords:
Anthesis
Potassium deficiency
This study was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost treatments on yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Osmaniye ecological conditions, in Türkiye, in 2020-2021. It was designed according a complete randomized block with three replications. The NC-7 peanut variety was treated with eight different treatments of vermicompost plus a control. The treatments T1 through T4 included soil and leaves applications at different plant development stages, and treatments T5 through T8 were similar to the previous four but included only application to leaves. The number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, 100-pod and seed weight, shelling percentage, first quality pod ratio, first quality pod weight ratio, protein content, and pod yield were determined. The number of pods per plant varied between 23.3 (control) and 33.4 (T1). The lowest pod weight per plant was 37.7 g in control treatment, and the highest in T1 (51.4 g). Pod yield was between 3579 kg∙ha-1 (control) and 4873 kg∙ha-1 in T1. The 100-pod weight was the lowest from the control treatment (208.4 g) and the highest from the T6 treatment (254.2 g); the weight of 100 seeds was minimum in the control treatment with 88.5 g and maximum in T5, with 102.3 g. The protein content varied between 24.11% (control) and 26.01% (T5). These results indicate that under the ecological conditions of Osmaniye province, there is a significant effect of vermicompost on most productive and quality variables of peanut.
Arachis hypogaea
Dry weight
Arachis
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Took the 3-year old Euongmu smeaackiig as sample, and randomized block design with three replications was used,spreaded 1% carbamide,1% carbamide+1% KH2PO4+0.5%(Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn), randomly setted three groups and takes treatments by spreading CK water as the fertilizer to observe SOD, POD and PPD enzyme activity principle. The result showed that: different leaf fertilizing had different effect on the SOD enzyme activity, by contrast, the multi-fertilizing was better than the mono-fertilizing; fertilizing had obvious effect on the POD enzyme which was in the plant and in the different period, different parts N,P,K fertilizers could improve the POD enzyme activity; fertilizing could improve the PPO enzyme activity to enhance the resistance, especially the multifertilizing effect couldn't be ignored. In general, three different treatments had obvious results, and the multi-fertilizing could improve and lengthen the enzyme activity of the Euongmu smeaackiig to enhance plants' resistance and ensure the new seedings' survival.
Soil enzyme
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The genotypic and phenotypic correlations of green pod yield with different components were estimated from 20 genotypes of vegetable cowpea pooled over two seasons. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations agreed closely with each other. Pod length, green pod weight, dry pod weight, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight exhibited significantly positive correlations with green pod yield. Their genotypic correlations with green pod yield were also high and positive. Days to flowering, on the otherhand, registered high and negative association with green pod yield both at phenotypic and genotypic levles. A few significantly positive interrelationship were found between the different components. Pod number, on the contrary, exhibited significantly negative interrelationships with green pod weight and pod length. The path coefficient analysis of green pod yield showed that green pod weight, dry pod weight, pod number and seeds per pod were the most important components because of highly positive direct effects. Days to flowering registered highly negative direct effect indicating early flowering would lead to high yield. Therefore, green pod weight, dry pod weight, pod number, seeds per pod and days to flowering were the important components for improving pod yield in vegetable cowpea.
Path coefficient
Dry weight
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Abstrcat The effect of different nitrogen levels on physiological indexes,yield and yield factors were studied by dressing different nitrogen levels at the anthesis of vegetable soybean strain AC_(10).The results showed that the fresh pod yield improved sigmificantly as leaf area index, chlorophyll content, Pn and the content of soluble sugar of pod increased after flowering by dressing the proper nitrogen at anthesis. Especially,the fresh pod yield of single plant obtained 92.5 g ～ 90.37 g. And, compared to ck, increased by 8.0 %～7.1% with 75.0 kg/hm~2～112.5 kg/hm~2 urea. On the contrary, the fresh pod yield,single plant 81.19 g, decreased by 5.1%with 150 kg/hm~2 urea.
Anthesis
Reducing sugar
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The characters of pod with different seed number in sterile line of hybrid rape Youyan 5 were studied.The results showed as follows.The seed number per pod was related to the pod size,and the seed weight per pod were effected by each components of pod.With the seed number per pod increasing,the bearing percentage of pod,seed /cm 2,seed weight per pod,yielding capacity(mg/cm 2),economic coefficient,total shell weight per pod,biological yield per pod and the rate of contribution to yield increased regularly,but 1000 grain weight and percentage of pod reduced regularly.The Proportion of radish like pod to effective pod number was about 2/5,the rate of contribution to yield was about 1/10.Except to 1000 grain weight,all characters for normal pods were superior to that of radish like pod
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The bean plant is a legume plant that binds free nitrogen of the air by the nodosity formed in the roots. For this reason, it was aimed to investigate the effect the pod of bean characteristics of bean by applying different doses of phosphorus and nitrogen on Göksun beans cultivar. In the study, 0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1 phosphorus and 0, 4, 8, 12 kg da-1 nitrogen doses were applied to Göksun bean variety. The pod length (cm), pod width (mm), pod diameter (mm), number of pods per plant (edet), weight of a single pod (g), number of seeds per pod (pieces), weight of single seeds (g) of Göksun bean cultivar were investigated. In the research, it was noted that the effect of phosphorus doses only on the pod diameter, the effects of nitrogen doses on the pod length, pod diameter, pod width, single seed weight and seed number of pod were significant. The differences in number of pods in the plant, seed number of pods, pod length, pod weight, single seed weight in terms of phosphorus and nitrogen interaction were founded statistically significant. According to the results of the research, it was determined that 4 kg da-1 and above nitrogen dose applications made a positive contribution in terms of pod properties
Dry weight
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The POD activities in leaves of red bean went up apparently after treated with SA for three days. Influences on POD were different with varying concentration of SA. Results showed that POD activities in leaves which were under water stress were higher than that which were without water stress. Furthermore, under water stress the POD activities in leaves that were treated with SA got an increase .
Water Stress
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The POD activities in leaves of red bean went up apparently after treated with SA for three days. Influences on POD were different with varying concentration of SA. Results showed that POD activities on leave which were under waster stress were higher than that with were without water stress. Furthermore, under water stress the POD activites in leaves that were treated with SA got an increase.
Water Stress
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Pea genotypes developed by national breeding program exhibit wide geographical adaptation. To identify the best high yielding and wide adaptive genotypes, fourteen garden pea genotypes (13 improved and commercial) were studied for their phenotypic traits at two locations (Horticulture Research Station, Dailekh and Agriculture Research Station, Dhankuta) during 2018–2019. Field experiments were conducted at randomized complete block design with three replications in both locations. Combined analysis over the locations revealed that genotypes had highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect on pod length, pod diameter, seed number/pod, pod weight and fresh pod yield. HRSDGP-11-18-1 produced the highest (12.5 t/ha) fresh pod yield, followed by HRSDGP-11-18-11 (12.3 t/ha) and the lowest (8.2 t/ha) fresh yield was recorded in HRSDGP-11-18-9. HRSDGP-11-18-1 and HRSDGP-11-18-11 had 25.0 and 23.0% higher yield advantage over Sikkim Local variety, respectively. Pod length, pod diameter and seed number/plot were significantly (p ≤ 0.01), and positively correlated with fresh pod yield, and selection of these traits aid for the improvement of yield in garden pea genotypes. HRSDGP-11-18-1 and HRSDGP-11-18-11 were found superior at both locations and can be recommended to evaluate them at on-farm condition for further verification.
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