Background: Pain and weakening of muscle strength are the most important problems in orthopedic patients. Isometric movements are effective in reducing these problems. Due to the lack of studies in this field, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of isometric movements on pain control and muscle strength reversal of lower limb fractures. Methods: This clinical trial was carried out in 120 patients aged 15 - 49 years suffering from lower limb fracture admitted to the Shahid Beheshti hospital of Sabzevar in 2016 with random allocation to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, physiotherapy was performed by isometric movements four hours after the surgery and then, up to five consecutive days, each day four times of half an hour. The amount of pain and reversing muscle strength was investigated before and after the intervention in both groups. STATA 11 software was used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the intervention and control groups, there were 83% and 85% males, 17%, and 15% females, respectively. The age groups of 40 - 49 years (37%) and 30 - 39 years (35%) were the most frequent. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between the amount of pain before (6.86 ± 1.18) and after (2.86 ± 1.89) the intervention (P < 0.001). Fischer's exact test showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of muscle strength after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Isometric movements exercise is the most effective method for relieving pain and reversing muscle strength, which can be recommended by orthopedic doctors because it facilitates recovery and accelerates the return to normal life.
Abstract To date, not much study has been done to investigate the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number as the potential biomarker for opium exposure. Here, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to determine the relative mtDNA content as the potential biomarker for opium exposure. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to investigate the mtDNA copy number variation across 205 individuals, including blood samples of 45 opium users, 41 cigarette users, 47 dual users, and 72 never users of any product. We found a significantly higher mtDNA content among the opium‐only users (adjusted OR: 3.21; 95% CI: [1.34, 7.66]; P = .009) and dual users (adjusted OR: 2.64; 95% CI: [1.15, 6.1]; P = .02) compared to that in never users even after adjustment for confounding factors, age, and sex. Discordantly, analysis of mitochondrial DNA in cigarette smokers revealed an indirect association between cigarette smoking and mtDNA content although it was not statistically significant. The reason behind the increased mitochondrial DNA is unclear. The possible hypothesis is that there might be a way to compensate for the oxidative damage induced by opium consumption. Taken together, our findings indicated that the mtDNA copy number may alter during opium exposure. Since changes in the mitochondrial DNA copy number was associated with the etiology of many diseases including cancer, further investigations on the mtDNA copy number may shed light on the carcinogenicity of opium consumption and means for early detection among the populations who have been exposed to opium and its products.
Abstract Background Nowadays, the adverse effect of toxic metals on humans is well-known especially in the fetal period such as preventing cognitive development and congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system. Methods This study aims to evaluate the toxic metals burden in mothers and newborns in Sabzevar. One hundred eighty samples including placental blood and umbilical cord blood were taken from ninety mothers referred to Shahidan Mobini Hospital for delivery. The samples were analyzed using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Results The results of this study revealed that 21.52%, 26.19%, and 60.71% of maternal blood samples (placental blood) and 16.47%, 56.47% and 20% of umbilical cord blood samples were higher than the US centers for disease control (CDC) recommended levels for Pb, Cd and As respectively. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, the Pb (p=0.054), As (p<0.001), and Se (p <0.001) levels had an association with the mother's living area. Also, there is significant association between Se (0.021) and age of the mother. Conclusion However, the Se values in its optimum concentrations in the blood (60-140 µg/L) can decrease the adverse effects of toxic metals, 72.5% of the pregnant women had Se values below the 60 µg/L and only 6% of pregnant women had Se levels higher than 140 µg/L. We concluded that the mothers inhabiting in the rural areas need more Se sources in their diets.
'%3e%3cg id='e'%3e%3cg id='c' fill='none' stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='2'%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M0 1h26M1 10V5h8v4h8V5h-5M4 9h2m20 0h-5V5h8m0-5v9h8V0m-4 0v9' transform='scale(1.4)'/%3e%3cpath id='a' d='M0 7h9m1 0h9' transform='scale(2.8)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='120'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' y='145.2'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='56'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='112'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='168'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' x='168'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23e' x='392'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg fill='%23da0000' transform='matrix(45 0 0 45 315 180)'%3e%3cg id='f'%3e%3cpath d='M-.548.836A.912.912 0 0 0 .329-.722 1 1 0 0 1-.548.836'/%3e%3cpath d='M.618.661A.764.764 0 0 0 .422-.74 1 1 0 0 1 .618.661M0 1l-.05-1L0-.787a.31.31 0 0 0 .118.099V-.1l-.04.993zM-.02-.85 0-.831a.144.144 0 0 0 .252-.137A.136.136 0 0 1 0-.925'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23f' transform='scale(-1 1)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)