The aim of this study is to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) especially types 16 and 18 through DNA expression from paraffin block preparations of cervical cancer and pre-cancer. This study was conducted at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory and Molecular biology Hasanuddin University Medical Research Center (HUMRC) Laboratory. The samples that used were came from cervical specimens which had been processed into paraffin blocks and had been diagnosed as Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Cervical carcinoma. HPV DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks using DNA extraction reagents from FFPE (Qiagen). DNA extraction products were then propagated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. HPV genotyping is done by a reverse line blot method using Ampliquality HPV-Type Express (AB Analitica). Totally 67 cervical samples from paraffin blocks preparations were diagnosed in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (CIN). The large number of cancer patients was more than 40 years old (42 patients/67.7%), with most of which are in the periods 41–50 years old (25 patients/40.3%). The most common cancer type was Non Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma (NK-SCC) with 50 (74.6%) samples. The most infectious strains are HPV strains 16, which were found in 53 (79.1%) samples both in single infection and co-infection with other HPV strains. Three of four HPV strains found were 16, 18 and 52 strains that belonging to High Risk strain of HPV, while strain 67 was included in the low risk group. There was also co-infection of 2 different HPV strains which involved 16 & 67 HPV Co-infection and 52 & 67 HPV Co-infection. Cervical cancer patients were more commonly found in women with more than 30 years old, which the most common type was Non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NK-SCC). HPV infection is strongly associated with cervical cancer. HPV 16 infection was found in many cervical cancer lesions both as a single infection and co-infection with other types of low risk HPV.
ABSTRACT Background: Uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancers has a high requirement of energy and biosynthetic substrates. Glucose and triglycerides are the main source of energy as well as the primary building blocks for forming cellular components of mammalian cells.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the shifting of serum glucose, triglyceride, and nitrogen wastes in the form of urea and creatinine levels; and liver enzymes levels, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in rat model carcinogenesis with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) for 16 weeks observation..Methods: The experimental animals of Rattus norvegicus strain Sprague Dawley were divided into two groups, namely the control group and the DMBA-induced group. A blood chemistry examination was carried out at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 post-induction using a spectrophotometer. In addition, observation of breast tumor formation and histological examination of the tumor and organs, including liver, lung, intestine, and kidney, were performed to confirm cancer formation.Results: Five of the six experimental rats (83.3%) induced by DMBA experienced breast and lung cancer formation accompanied by continuous weight loss starting at week 10 after induction. Serum glucose levels increased significantly at weeks 12 and 16 after induction, while serum triglyceride, ALT, and AST levels increased significantly from week 4 after induction until the end of the experiment. Serum urea levels did not show a significant difference from the control group. Nonetheless, creatinine decreased at the last examination.Conclusion: Elevated serum glucose, triglycerides, ALT, and AST levels escorted the chemical carcinogen-induced cancer development. Studies at the clinical level are needed to prove whether abnormally elevated of these blood chemistry levels can be used to detect the presence of cancer early.Keywords:DMBA, breast cancer, lung cancer, cancer metabolism.
Introduction: Wound healing is an integrated response to tissue injury. A hyperglycemic state can lead to delayed wound healing process. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is native freshwater fish of South East Asia that contains high protein, albumin, and several micronutrients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of snakehead fish extract on acute wound healing process in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: This study was an experimental trial on the hyperglycemic animal model. Thirty male Wistar streptozotocin-induced rats were divided into two groups which were then given snakehead fish extract (Pujimin Plus®) 81mg a day for 10 days after wound infliction in intervention group and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (Na-CMC) in control group. On day 0, day 3, and day 10 after wound infliction, the histological changes (number of neutrophil and fibroblast, and vascular changes of the wounded tissues) of each group were analyzed. Assessments were also made on erythema and crust formation by the visual scores.Results: Our study showed a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts on day 3 in the snakehead fish extract group compared to control group (40.33 ± 10.13 vs. 24.60 ± 10.25, p =0.04). There were no significant differences in vasculature and neutrophil numbers. The results also showed snakehead fish extract could decrease mean erythema visual score on day 3 (3.24 ± 0.25 vs. 3.64 ± 0.35) and decreased crust formation on day 5 (3.36 ± 0.75 vs 3.44 ± 0.83).Conclusions: Snakehead fish extract has potential effect to accelerate the wound healing process by increasing fibroblast, decreasing erythema, and decreasing crust formation in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats.
Excessive consumption of fat and sugar is associated with various chronic diseases. However, the variation of fat and sugar content in the diet greatly affected the outcome. In this study, a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHFD) formula was made with a composition of 31.99% carbohydrate, 40.7% fat, 11.8% protein, and an additional 30% fructose drink to confirm the effects of HFHFD on metabolic health and pathological changes in organs, especially the liver, kidneys, pancreas, muscles, and spleen. A total of 24 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks were divided into four groups: standard chow (SC), HFHFD, SC + carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and HFHFD + CCl4. After eight weeks of dietary intervention, body mass index, obesity index, lipid profiles, liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid and urea levels, and tissue histopathology were examined. HFHFD with the main unsaturated fatty acids of linoleic acid (14.57%) and palmitoleic acid (8.28%), the main saturated fatty acids of stearic acid (13.62%) and myristic acid (10.09%), and a low trans-fatty acids content, did not promote the rats to become obese. However, liver histology examination showed severe hepatic steatosis (78.33%), leading to steatohepatitis accompanied by an increase in serum ALP (p < 0.01), triglyceride (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.05), and uric acid (p < 0.001) levels. Other histological features showed moderate lesions (45%) of the kidney, slight vacuolization of the pancreas, and a mild increase of inflammatory cells in the spleen and muscle. So, this study found that although HFHFD did not promote obesity within 8 weeks of administration, it induced hepatic and renal lesions, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia as a metabolic consequence of excessive fatty acids and fructose.
Kelompok darah ABO dan jenis kelamin yang berbeda dapat memberikan hasil yang berbeda dari waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan. Kebaruan penelitian ini karena meneliti tentang perbandingan bleeding time dan clotting time pada wanita terhadap golongan darah ABO. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan pada wanita berdasarkan golongan darah ABO. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional dan sampel total 115 subjek. Pengukuran waktu perdarahan menggunakan metode duke, waktu pembekuan menggunakan metode slide dan golongan darah menggunakan metode aglutinasi slide. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji komparatif numerik dengan one way ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan analisis post hoc untuk membandingkan waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan antara golongan darah ABO. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan waktu perdarahan pada golongan darah B yang secara signifikan lebih lama dibandingkan golongan darah lainnya (p=0,001). Sementara itu, waktu pembekuan pada golongan darah B secara signifikan lebih lama dibandingkan golongan darah lainnya (p= 0,001). Kesimpulan bahwa wanita dengan golongan darah B memiliki waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan yang jauh lebih lama daripada golongan darah lainnya.Kata Kunci: Waktu pendarahan; Waktu pembekuan; Golongan darah ABO. AbstractDifferent ABO blood groups and sexes can give different results from bleeding and clotting times. This study's novelty is that it examines the comparison of bleeding time and clotting time in women to the ABO blood type. This study aimed to compare bleeding and clotting time in women based on ABO blood type. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design and a total sample of 115 subjects. Measure bleeding time using the duke method, clotting time using the slide method, and blood type using the slide agglutination method. This study used a comparative numerical test with a one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc analysis to compare bleeding and clotting time between ABO blood types. This study showed that the bleeding time in blood type B was significantly longer than in other blood types (p=0.001). Meanwhile, the clotting time in blood type B is considerably longer than in different blood types (p= 0.001). In conclusion, women with blood type B have much longer bleeding and clotting times than other blood types.Keywords: Bleeding time; Freezing time; ABO Blood type.Â
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of β-catenin and L1CAM in the type I of Endometrial Carcinoma. Material and Methods: This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design using 49 samples of type I Endometrial Carcinoma. Immunohistochemical method was used to evaluate the expression of β-catenin and L1CAM related to two significant prognostic parameters i.e., lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and metastases event of type I Endometrial Carcinoma samples. Results: From all samples collected, based on the presence of LVSI, there were 17 cases (34.7%) with LVSI and 32 (65.3%) no LVSI. Among them, there were 13 cases that included lymph node or omental samples in type I Endometrial Carcinoma, 5 (38.5%) cases of metastasis, and 8 (61.5%) cases that did not metastasize. The statistical results showed that there was a significant correlation between β-catenin and L1CAM expressions examined from tumor cells with lymphovascular space invasion and the presence of metastases in the type I Endometrial Carcinoma (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study suggest that the positive expression of β-catenin together with L1CAM can participate in the development of tumor cells in type I Endometrial Carcinoma, in its ability to involve lymphovascular space invasion, and metastases to other sites. Our results indicate that both of β-catenin and L1CAM are prominent biomarkers for the prognosis of type I Endometrial Carcinoma.
Link of Video Abstract:https://youtu.be/fff-Unnud2w Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, a primary malignant tumor developing from squamous epithelial cells. HPV expresses oncoproteins E6 and E7, known to inactivate tumor suppressor proteins, one of which is protein 53 (p53). A promising biomarker for diagnosing and prognosis malignancies brought on by the HPV genotype is the identification of p53. This study investigates the association between p53 expression and HPV genotype in cervical cancer patients. Method: This observational cross-sectional study involved patients diagnosed with cervical cancer on histopathological examination who met the requirements. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to determine the HPV genotype, and an immunohistochemistry analysis was used to assess the level of p53 expression. A Chi-Square test is utilized to evaluate the association between the two variables. Results: Of the 49 patients, there were 7 (14.3%) patients with HPV type 16, 13 (26.5%) with HPV type 18, 14 (26.5%) other types of HPV and 15 (30.6%) negatives for HPV. Examination of p53 expression showed that 17 (34.6%) samples had <10% expression, 17 (34.6%) had 10-50% expression, and 15 (30.8%) samples had >50% expression. There was no correlation between p53 expression and HPV genotype (p = 0.071). However, an association between p53 expression and cervical cancer's clinical stage was identified (p = 0.028). Conclusion: Increased cervical cancer stage can be associated with increased p53 expression. Thus, p53 can be used as a predictor of cervical cancer stage. However, in cervical cancer, p53 expression cannot be associated with the HPV genotype.
Background: Thyroid nodules are still a health problem today. The incidence of thyroid nodules is still high. Thyroid nodules are found in 60% of the human population. Most thyroid nodules are benign, whereas malignant ones account for only about 10% of cases. Efforts are needed to determine the diagnostic value of ultrasound elastography and cytokeratin -19 biomarkers in determining the type of thyroid nodule. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test on 42 thyroid nodule patients. Elastography examination using GE Logic 7 expert ultrasound and cytokeratin 19 biomarker examination using cubital vein blood. Result: The study participant was dominated by 38 women and 4 men. The age range of the study subjects was dominated by the age range less than and up to 40 years with 27 people (64.3%) and at least in the age range more than 60 years with 3 people (7.1%). Elastography's receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve in determining thyroid nodules found that Elastography's ability to diagnose benign and malignant thyroid nodules was good with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.8409 (84.09%). ROC curve of cytokeratin-19 gene m-RNA expression in determining thyroid nodules found that the ability of cytokeratin-19 gene m-RNA expression in diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid nodules is excellent with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.9795 (97.95%). Conclusion: Elastography has a good ability to determine the thyroid nodule while Cytokeratin-19 has an excellent ability to determine the type of thyroid nodule.
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