ABSTRACT A cross sectional study was performed in the children attending a day-care center of Health Promotion Hospital to evaluate the carriage rate and factors associated with the Haemophilus influenzae oropharyngeal colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility of H. influenza. The samples were 189 children, 95 boys and 94 girls. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire, the secondary data by reviewing the history folder recorded by the day care, physical examination and oropharyngeal swab during July–November 2007. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Chi-square test, and Multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 44.4% of the children were the oropharyngeal carrier of H. influenza and 1.1% of these were H. influenzae type b. Factors associated with H. influenzae carrier with statistical significance were the children’s age less than 3 years, history of premature, birth weight less than 2,500 grams, the present of more than 2 children aged less than 10 years at home, family members of more than 5 persons, maternal occupation of employee or government officer, extended family, and the children not received H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine. The factors influencing the oropharyngeal carrier of H. influenzae were history of preterm labor, and the number of over 2 children aged below 10 years living in the house. For antimicrobial susceptibility test results 68.5% of H. influenzae were resistant to cotrimoxazole, 31.5% to ampicillin, and 1.1% to cefotaxime. Therefore, the family and child care organizations should have the plan to prevent the spreading of disease and reduce the chances of H. influenzae carrier in children since pregnancy by preventing preterm labor, low birth weight and health care in the family with several members particularly in the family which have the children aged below 10 years, as well as giving the vaccine to reduce the risks of carrier, transmission prevention, and the usage of appropriate antibiotics. Key words: Oropharyngeal carrier, H. influenzae, healthy children, Day-care Center, antimicrobial resistance
Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood mortality globally as well as in Nepal. Data all around the world has shown the highest prevalence of diarrheal disease amongst 6-12 months old children. This paper aims to assess the existing diarrhea preventive practices carried out by caretakers of children from 6-12 months of age and their predicting factors in Chitwan district of Nepal.Methods: A cross -sectional survey was conducted among 384 caretakers of children aged 6-12 months from four different MCH clinics of Chitwan district, Nepal. Data were collected by using face- to-face interviews with structured questionnaires from April 15 to May 30, 2018. Univariate analysis, chi square, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were the statistics used for data analysis. Results: The findings showed that only around one-fourth (22.7%) of the caretakers followed good diarrhea preventive practices. Stepwise multiple regression showed that age, monthly family income, knowledge, attitude and accessibility to WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene), could predict the diarrhea preventive practices of caretakers by only 20.5%. Accessibility to WASH (beta= 0.246) had the highest predictive power and age (beta= 0.015) had the least predictive power of diarrhea preventive practices amongst them. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that there is a definite need to promote diarrhea preventive practices. Local government and non-government organizations should establish activities to improve accessibility to WASH, caretaker’s attitude and caretaker’s knowledge in order to ultimately improve their preventive practices.Keywords: Caretakers; children; chitwan; diarrhea preventive practices; 6-12 months old; Nepal.
To study the factors influencing life happiness of elderly female in Rayong province, Thailand.A cross-sectional survey research was conducted among 233 elderly female aged between 60-80 years using multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from June 6th to July 31st 2008 by interviewing questionnaires. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression analysis.About half (50.2%) of the elderly female had moderate level of life happiness, followed by low level (27.1%) and high level (22.7%). The factors which significantly influenced the life happiness of the elderly female were self-esteem, social support, and family relationships (p < 0.05). In addition, self-esteem, social support, and family relationships could significantly predict life happiness of the elderly female by 91.4%. Self-esteem had the highest predictive power of life happiness among elderly female.The important factors influencing life happiness of elderly female were self-esteem, social support, and family relationships. To promote life happiness of elderly female, responsible organizations should establish activities that enhance the elderly female's self-esteem, provide sufficient social support, and promote good family relationships.
To study the factors influencing happiness of grandmothers raising grandchildren in the rural areas of Northern Thailand.Cross-sectional survey research was conducted among 400 grandmothers, aged 50-79 years, who raised their grandchildren in the rural areas of Northern Thailand. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected through a structured interview from April to July 2009 and analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression analysis.Nearly half (46.8%) of grandmothers raising grandchildren had high level of happiness, followed by moderate level (40.4%) and low level (12.8%). The factors, which significantly influenced the happiness of the grandmothers, were self-esteem, social support, and family relationships (p-value < 0.05). In addition, self-esteem, social support, and family relationships could significantly predict happiness of the grandmothers by 48.1%. Self-esteem had the highest predictive power of happiness among grandmothers.The factors influencing happiness of grandmothers raising grandchildren were self-esteem, social support, and family relationships. To promote happiness of grandmothers, responsible organizations should establish activities that enhance the grandmother's self-esteem, provide sufficient social support, and promote good family relationships.
AbstractBackground Violence is a critical public health issue that impacts the physical, metal, and social well-being of individuals and community, necessitating comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies. a Methods This cross-sectional survey aims to assess the experience of violence among Thai families and to determine the factors associated with violence across difference generation. A total 6,000 subjects were randomly selected from twelves provinces across six regions of Thailand. Respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire administered by well-trained data collectors. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression to determine the significant predictors of violence within families. Finding The prevalence of violence was 11.9%, 7.8%, 7.0%, and 5.2% across Generation Z, Generation Y, Generation X, and Baby Boomers, respectively. This study examines factors influencing experiences of violence across generational cohorts. Among Generation Z, non-traditional family structures (OR = 2.30, 95% CI [1.30-4.03]), residing with substance abusers (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.13-2.63]), inadequate family income (OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.26-2.89]), low family strengths (OR = 2.56, 95% CI [1.58-4.16]), and poor violence literacy (OR = 4.78, 95% CI [2.43-9.39]) were significant factors. In Generation Y, being single (OR = 2.20, 95% CI [1.53-3.15]), family income sufficiency (OR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.03-2.19]), moderate (OR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.08-2.28]) and poor family strengths (OR = 3.12, 95% CI [1.77-5.49]), and moderate (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.01-2.28]) and poor violence prevention literacy (OR = 3.55, 95% CI [1.53-8.22]) were influential. Generation X was notably affected by residing with substance abusers (OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.02-2.09]), while Baby Boomers experienced impacts from poor violence prevention literacy (OR = 3.03, 95% CI [1.09-8.41]) and moderate community prevention measures (OR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.03-3.59]). Additionally, across each generation, these factors demonstrate divergent correlations with experiences of violence based on gender. Discussion This study highlights that experiences of violence differ across generations, shaped significantly by gender norms with each era. Furthermore, that factors influencing these experiences vary distinctly among different age cohort. Each generation exhibits unique attitudes, ideologies, and lifestyles, necessitating customized approaches for violence prevention. Addressing these differences is crucial as societal transitions impact health outcomes and experiences differently across generations.
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