A cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate family planning (FP) practices and associated factors among reproductive-age married women. Data were collected by interviewing the 300 married women living in a rural area of Myanmar. The questionnaire had reliability coefficients ranging from .8 to .9. Results indicated that 73.3% of women performed FP, and contraceptive injection was the most common method. Significant associations were found with age 21 to 35 years (adjusted odds ratio [adj OR] = 3.748, 95% CI = 2.179-6.445), adequacy of income (adj OR = 2.520, 95% CI = 1.477-4.290), good attitude toward FP (adj OR = 0.386, 95% CI = 0.228-0.656), good support from health care providers (adj OR = 0.129, 95% CI = 0.054-0.313), good support from family (adj OR = 0.304, 95% CI = 0.163-0.565), good support from friends (adj OR = 0.344, 95% CI = 0.193-0.613), and FP practice. It is recommended that designing FP programs with peers and family involvement could increase the practice of FP among rural Myanmar women.
ABSTRACT The objectives of this cross-sectional survey research were to study the life happiness and the factors influencing the life happiness of the elderly in Rayong province. The samples included 400 elderly aged between 60-80 years which were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected by interview questionnaires from June 1st to July 31st 2008 and analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression analysis.The results showed that 48.0 percent of the elderly had a moderate level of life happiness, followed by those with a high level (27.8%) and those with a low level (24.2%). The factors which were significantly associated with life happiness of the elderly were gender, education, health condition, personality, self - esteem, family relationships, roles of the elderly in the family, monthly income of the family, social support, participation in social activities and perception of social circumstances (p-value < 0.05). The statistically significant predictor variables were self-esteem, social support, family relationships, participation in social activities and perception of social circumstances. The result of classification was 91.2% correctly classified. The finding suggest that the responsible organizations should establish the reinforcement to promote happiness of the elderly by improving the elderly’s self-esteem. There should also be sufficient social support, family relationship and participation in social activities as well as management of social circumstances in agreement with individual personal need and life style, to maintain the life happiness of the elderly. Key words: Life happiness, Elderly, Self-esteem, Social support
Women’s fertility decision is quite difficult in male-dominant rural culture due to their poor reproductive autonomy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural community of Bangladesh between November 2017 and February 2018 among 1285 respondents selected by multi-stage stratified sampling to explore regional variations of rural women’s fertility control behavior and its determinants using hierarchical and other inferential statistics. Data collection was done by face-to-face interview using questionnaire. Average parity was 2.5 per woman and 41% respondents had three or more children. About 60% of them used modern contraceptives (MCs) and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) was their first choice. Male participation in contraceptive use was less than 5%. Regional variation, women’s empowerment, fertility control knowledge, family planning (FP) attitude, social influence, perceived behavioral control (PBC) and fertility intention were significant predictors of fertility control behavior (p < 0.05). Significant regional variations were determined in fertility control behavior of rural women (p < 0.05). Almost all of its predictors explained by Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) also showed significant regional variations (p < 0.05). Current fertility control policy should be strengthened more not only to improve fertility behavior of rural women but also to establish regional equity in fertility control by improving their reproductive decision-making in a rational way.
To study the physical health and self-esteem, including factors that influence the self-esteem of grandmothers raising grandchildren in the rural areas of Northern Thailand.A cross-sectional survey research was conducted among 400 grandmothers, aged 50-79 years, who raised their grandchildren in the rural areas of Northern Thailand. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected through a structured interview from April to July, 2009 and analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.73.8% of grandmothers in the survey currently had health problems, 56.2% had a chronic disease of which hypertension was the most common and yet 44.5% displayed high self-esteem. The factors identified as influencing self-esteem were family relationships, age and social support. These factors provided 35.4% in predicting the self-esteem of grandmother who raised grandchildren with family relationship had the highest predictive value.The present study suggested the responsible organizations should organize the program to strengthen the family relationship and social support activity for the grandmother that will lead to the better health and heightening self-esteem.
To investigate the influences of parenting styles on development of children aged three to six years.A cross-sectional study was conducted in 360 children and their parents selected by multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from July 24th to August 31st, 2004. The Denver II test kit and the scale by Baumrind D were used to test the child development and parenting styles respectively. A questionnaire was used to collect the family and child factors. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution and Multiple logistic regression with the significant level set at p-value of <0. 05).Parenting styles had significant influences on child development (p-value < 0. 05). Children raised with a mixed parenting style had a 1.9 times higher chance of having delayed development compared with those with democratic parenting style. In addition, significant family and child factors for explaining child development were family type, mother's education, father's occupation, relationship within the family, nutritional status and sex.Parenting styles had a significant influence on child development. The children raised with mixed parenting style had a 1.9 timds higher chance of having delayed development compared to those whose parents used democratic parenting style. Therefore, the parents should rear their children by using the democratic parenting style that leads to the age-appropriate development child
Introduction: Child development receives lack of concern and the role of parents in promoting child development is not frequently mentioned in Vietnam. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Positive Parenting Program to Promote Child Development on maternal knowledge and practice and development of children aged 1 to 3 years. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in Nha Trang city, Vietnam. There are a total of 60 mothers whose children were identified as suspected developmental delayed participated in the study. There were 30 mothers who attended the program as experimental group and 30 mothers who joined the study as comparison group. Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) were applied to assess the child development. Descriptive analysis and paired and independent-samples t-test were applied to examine the research objectives. Results: The findings suggested that after the program implementation, the maternal knowledge of child development and child development of the experimental group were significantly higher than pre-program and the improvements of these variables were better than the comparison group ( P < .05) while the maternal practice to promote child development was significantly better only within the experimental group. Conclusions: The program was effective in improving several maternal outcomes and child development. The study recommends applying the Positive Parenting Program to Promote Child Development to enhance mother’s knowledge of child development and child development.
The purpose of the present study was to compare the health status of children aged between 6 and 12 years reared by grandparent and parent, including the factors affecting the development of both groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 different caregiver groups, 160 children living with their grandparents and 160 children living with their parents in Phrae province. The samples were selected by cluster sampling and data were collected from March 10 to April 8, 2006 by questionnaire. The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence–3 was used to test the child development. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, percentage, χ 2 test, and multiple logistic regression. The illness in the past 6 months and nutritional status of the children aged 6 to 12 years were not different between 2 groups, but the child development and appropriateness of child rearing were different with statistical significance ( P < .05). Children who were reared by grandparents had a higher percentage (66.7%) of below normal development than those reared by parents (33.3%), and had inappropriate child rearing by a rate of 57.7% compared with 42.3%. In addition, the factors affecting the development of children reared by grandparents were both the level of the family income and the child rearing factor, whereas the child development in those who were reared by parents was affected only by the child rearing factor.
Objective: To examine health behaviors and quality of life among disabled people in two provinces of Thailand. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5,352 disabled people selected by multistage cluster sampling from Chiang Mai and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces during April to June 2008. The WHOQOLBREF- THAI and health promoting behavior scales were used to measure QOL and health behavior. Results: Among the health promoting behaviors, exercise and health responsibility of the disabled people were mostly at the ‘need to improve’ level (46.6 and 52.8%), while their nutritional behavior and stress management level were mostly at the ‘good’ level (80.8 and 43.8%). Overall quality of life was mostly at the ‘moderate’ level (79.3%). Exercise and stress management were found to have a significant positive relationship with the quality of life at low level (r = 0.18, r = 0.12) at p < 0.01. Conclusion: The results indicated that person who had health promoting behaviors by exercise and appropriate stress management had a good QOL. Encouraging of family and health authority support in exercise and stress management may help them having a good QOL. Keywords: Quality of life, Health promoting behavior, Disabled people
Objective: To study the effect of promoting self-esteem by participatory learning program on emotional intelligence among early adolescents. Material and Method: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in grade 9 students from two schools in Bangbuathong district, Nonthaburi province. Each experimental and comparative group consisted of 34 students with the lowest score of emotional intelligence. The instruments were questionnaires, Program to Develop Emotional Intelligence and Handbook of Emotional Intelligence Development. The experimental group attended 8 participatory learning activities in 4 weeks to Develop Emotional Intelligence while the comparative group received the handbook for self study. Assessment the effectiveness of program was done by pre-test and post-test immediately and 4 weeks apart concerning the emotional intelligence. Implementation and evaluation was done during May 24-August 12, 2005. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square, independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test. Results: Before program implementation, both groups had no statistical difference in mean score of emotional intelligence. After intervention, the experimental group had higher mean score of emotional intelligence both immediately and 4 weeks later with statistical significant (p = 0.001 and < 0.001). At 4 weeks after experiment, the mean score in experimental group was higher than the mean score at immediate after experiment with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The program to promote self-esteem by participatory learning process could enhance the emotional intelligence in early adolescent. This program could be modified and implemented for early adolescent in the community. Keywords: Self-esteem, Participatory learning, Emotional intelligence, Early adolescent
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