K. Iniyah

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

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S. Jayachitra

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

K. Balasundaram

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology

A. Arulmozhi

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

C. Lavanya

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Shamilene Sivagnanam

Oregon Health & Science University

S. Tamilselvan

Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

A.K. Thiruvenkadan

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

D. Kannan

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

K. Sivakumar

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

R. Amutha

Veterinary Research Institute

Cooperative Institutions

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Veterinary Research Institute

Anand Agricultural University

Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute

National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ghatkhed Amravati

Government Medical College

Sacred Heart College

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

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Demonstration of Osseous Tissue in Quail Embryo by Alizarin Red Technique

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (2017)

K. Iniyah S. Jayachitra K. Balasundaram Karthikeyan Rajendran

The embryonated Namakkal quail eggs were collected from the hatchery at tenth and fourteenth day of incubation. The eggs were opened by standard technique and the embryos were collected and stained by alizarin red staining technique to demonstrate the osseous tissue development. The scapula, coracoid, clavicle and proximal bones of wing were well developed in both tenth and fourteenth day embryos. But the fusion of pelvic girdle with the synsacrum and the distal bones of wing were completely developed only in fourteenth day embryo. The femur, tibia, fibula, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus and digits were found like a rod of bones without distinct joints in tenth day embryo. Skull bones, vertebral bones and ribs were fully ossified in fourteenth day quail embryos. But the sternal ossification was not observed by alizarin red staining technique in both the quail embryos. A ring of scleral ossicles in the sclera around the margin of cornea were distinctly observed in both the embryos studied.

ALIZARIN RED

Ossicles

10.20546/ijcmas.2017.606.270

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Comparative Anatomy of OS Coxae in Guinea Fowl and Pigeon

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (2017)

C. Lavanya S. Jayachitra K. Iniyah K. Balasundaram

The os coxae was collected from guinea fowl and pigeon by wet maceration method to study the gross anatomical features. The os coxae was formed by ilium, ischium and pubis, they were fused together and located on either side of the lumbo sacral mass. The major differences in os coxae of pigeon were incomplete canales ilioneurales, dorsal median ridge was formed by spinous process of lumbo sacral mass, absence of pectineal process and all the three bones were involved in the formation of acetabulum whereas in guinea fowl the canales ilioneurales was complete, dorsal ridge was formed only by pre acetabular part of ilium, pectineal process was present and only ilium and ischium formed the acetabulum.

Ischium

Guinea fowl

Fowl

10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.449

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Gross Anatomy of Os Coxae of Ostrich (Struthio camellus)

S. Tamilselvan K. Iniyah S. Jayachitra Shamilene Sivagnanam K. Balasundaram

The ostrich is the largest living bird, reaching over 200 kg body weight and 2.7 m in height. It is classified under Ratites, which are large, ground dwelling, flightless birds such as rhea, emu, cassowary and kiwi (Brett and Hopkins, 1991). Ostrich have been a bird of aesthetic interest since ancient times. Apart from being hunted for their flesh and plumes, they were kept in captivity, tamed and domesticated by the early Egyptians, Greeks and Romans (Predoi et al., 2008). It acquired the name Struthio camellus from the Latin word that meant camel because of the similarities they had with camels, such as their prominent eyes and eyelashes, their large size and their remarkable tolerance to the desert habitat (Predoi et al., 2008). Presently, ostrich farms are emerging as a profitable agricultural business (Phillip and Minnaar, 1992). The peculiar design of the os coxae helps in supporting the body during the rapid growth of ostrich in attaining huge adult size. In this paper we presented the gross anatomical peculiarities of os coxae in ostrich.

Struthio

Captivity

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Pancreas – a Morphometrical Study in Large White Yorkshire and Desi Pigs

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (2018)

K. Iniyah S. Jayachitra K. Balasundaram A. Arulmozhi

The pancreas, an important organ of endocrine research is a digestive gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions. The pancreas for this study was collected from different age groups of large white Yorkshire and desi pigs. The morphometrical parameters such as weight of pancreas, length and width of each lobe and histometrical parameters such as number of islets per lobule, length and width of islets were recorded. The pancreas of pigs consisted of splenic, duodenal and connecting lobes. The mean weight of the pancreas was gradually increased as age advanced. In proportion to body weight and pancreas weight, the length and width of pancreatic lobes were steadily increased from four months of age to adult. The number of islets per lobule was higher in young age groups and then gradually decreased with age. This morphometrical study of pig pancreas can serve as a standard to judge atrophy or hypertrophy of organs in post-mortem diagnosis and for research in pancreas of other species.

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.319

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Histology of endocrine pancreas of large white Yorkshire pigs (Sus Scrofa)

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies (2020)

K. Iniyah S. Jayachitra K. Balasundaram A. Arulmozhi

The present study was carried out to reveal the histomorphological features of endocrine pancreas in large white Yorkshire pigs. The Pancreas of large white Yorkshire pigs consisted of splenic, duodenal and connecting lobes. The pancreas was covered by connective tissue capsule and from which interlobular and intersublobular septa divided the gland into lobules and sublobules. Each sublobule consisted of exocrine pancreatic acini and endocrine islets of Langerhans. The islets of Langerhans appeared as lightly stained clusters among darkly stained pancreatic acini. Variable sized and shaped islets of Langerhans were found in all the three pancreatic lobes. Islets of Langerhans consisted of alpha, beta and delta cells. Each pancreatic islet was found surrounded by fine reticular fibres. In chrome alum haematoxylin phloxine staining, the alpha cells appeared red, beta cells blue and delta cells as pink. The number of islets per lobule was higher in splenic lobe of pancreas of young pigs than adult.

Enteroendocrine cell

Histology

Reticular connective tissue

Pancreatic Islets

White pulp

Haematoxylin

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Non-genetic factors affecting the mortality of cage-reared broiler rabbits (Oryctologus cuniculus) maintained under tropical climatic conditions of Tamil Nadu.

The Indian journal of veterinary sciences and biotechnology (2015)

Vinod Kumar K. Iniyah K. Sivakumar A.K. Thiruvenkadan D. Anandha Prakash Singh

The influence of non-genetic factors namely breed, sex, age, season and cause of death on the mortality of rabbits were studied utilizing a total of 835 mortality records over a period of 20 years. The study revealed that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in number of pre-weaning mortalities between seasons, with more mortality in summer and least in winter season. The preweaning mortality observed in Soviet Chinchilla in summer, south-west monsoon, north-west monsoon and winter seasons were 29.53, 28.37, 27.60 and 14.48 per cent, respectively and the values observed in White Giant were 32.80, 27.12, 32.49 and 7.57 per cent, respectively. The postweaning mortality did not differ significantly between breeds, sexes and seasons. The cause of death did not influence the number of mortality between four seasons of the year. However, pneumonia and enteritis resulted in more mortalities than other causes.

10.21887/ijvsbt.v11i01.9934

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Macro and microanatomy of pancreas in guinea fowl

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (2018)

K. Iniyah

The present study is carried out to obtain information about macro and microanatomy of pancreas in guinea fowl. Samples were collected from six healthy guinea fowls and were processed by routine histological methods and stained with haematoxylin and eosin solution. The pancreas with dorsal and ventral lobes was located between the duodenal loops in the right abdominal cavity. Histologically, the pancreas of guinea fowl comprised of exocrine and endocrine portions. The exocrine part was made up of numerous secretory acinar units with its duct system. The pancreatic acini were lined by pyramidal shaped cells with basal nuclei. The endocrine islets was lightly stained among the darkly stained pancreatic acini and had alpha and beta cells

Haematoxylin

Fowl

Basal (medicine)

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Gross Morphological Features of Pancreas in Large White Yorkshire Pigs

International Journal of Livestock Research (2019)

K. Iniyah S. Jayachitra K. Balasundaram

White (mutation)

Large white

10.5455/ijlr.20181206090612